A medium conveying apparatus includes a setting member to set a torque limiter that defines a maximum torque applied to a brake roller to a first torque limiter or a second torque limiter, a unit including the first torque limiter, the second torque limiter and the brake roller, and a transmission member to transmit a drive force to the first torque limiter. The unit is swingably supported so that a predetermined force acts on the brake roller in a direction away from the feed roller when the driving force is transmitted. A force in a direction in which the brake roller presses the feed roller when the second torque limiter defines the maximum torque applied to the brake roller is greater than the force in the direction in which the brake roller presses the feed roller when the first torque limiter defines the maximum torque applied to the brake roller.

An image forming apparatus includes a conveyance unit to convey a sheet toward an image forming position, a torque detection unit to detect a load torque applied to a motor driving the conveyance unit, and a control unit to perform a speed control for changing a rotational speed of the motor such that an interval at which a preceding sheet and a succeeding sheet pass through the image forming position approaches a target interval while the conveyance unit is conveying the succeeding sheet. The control unit executes an interval change processing for changing the target interval in the speed control based on a magnitude of a detected load torque when the conveyance unit is driven by the motor, the control unit controls power input to the motor by transmitting a command signal to a driving circuit of the motor, and the torque detection unit detects the command signal.

The present subject matter discloses detection of positions of print medium for driving the print medium for printing in a printing system, in an example implementation, a motor is operated for driving the print medium, at a first specific speed, along a media-path in the printing system. After a first specific number of rotations of the motor, it is detected, based on identification of a torque change event, that the print medium at a de-skew position in the media-path. At the de-skew position a leading edge of the print medium is at a de-skew unit of the printing system and the torque change event is indicative of a deviation in a current operating torque of the motor from a standard operating torque of the motor.

The present subject matter discloses detection of positions of print medium for driving the print medium for printing in a printing system, in an example implementation, a motor is operated for driving the print medium, at a first specific speed, along a media-path in the printing system. After a first specific number of rotations of the motor, it is detected, based on identification of a torque change event, that the print medium at a de-skew position in the media-path. At the de-skew position a leading edge of the print medium is at a de-skew unit of the printing system and the torque change event is indicative of a deviation in a current operating torque of the motor from a standard operating torque of the motor.

A medium-discharging device includes: a device main body including a medium-discharging section that discharges a medium; a medium-receiving tray that receives the medium discharged by the medium-discharging section; and a pressing member that is configured to be attached to and detached from to the device main body and presses the medium discharged by the medium-discharging section against the medium-receiving tray in a state in which the pressing member is attached to the device main body, in which the pressing member is configured to switch, in the state in which the pressing member is attached to the device main body, between a first state in which the pressing member comes into contact with the medium-receiving tray and a second state in which the pressing member retreats upward so as to be apart from the medium-receiving tray.

A medium-discharging device includes: a device main body including a medium-discharging section that discharges a medium; a medium-receiving tray that receives the medium discharged by the medium-discharging section; and a pressing member that is configured to be attached to and detached from to the device main body and presses the medium discharged by the medium-discharging section against the medium-receiving tray in a state in which the pressing member is attached to the device main body, in which the pressing member is configured to switch, in the state in which the pressing member is attached to the device main body, between a first state in which the pressing member comes into contact with the medium-receiving tray and a second state in which the pressing member retreats upward so as to be apart from the medium-receiving tray.

A roller arrangement for a web processing system, the roller arrangement comprising a roller and at least one rotational shaft having a shaft portion and an attachment portion and wherein the at least one rotational shaft is releasably connectable to the roller.

A sheet conveying apparatus includes an abutment member against which a leading end of a sheet conveyed by a conveying roller abuts, a phase determiner that determines a rotation phase of a rotor of a motor driving the conveying roller, a controller that controls the motor by controlling the value of a torque current component and the value of an excitation current component so that a difference between an instruction phase and the rotation phase is decreased, and a torque determiner that determines load torque exerted on the rotor. The controller continues driving of the motor if the load torque is lower than predetermined torque in a state in which the leading end of the sheet abuts against the abutment member to deflect the sheet and stops the driving of the motor if the load torque is higher than or equal to the predetermined torque.

A sheet conveying apparatus includes an abutment member against which a leading end of a sheet conveyed by a conveying roller abuts, a phase determiner that determines a rotation phase of a rotor of a motor driving the conveying roller, a controller that controls the motor by controlling the value of a torque current component and the value of an excitation current component so that a difference between an instruction phase and the rotation phase is decreased, and a torque determiner that determines load torque exerted on the rotor. The controller continues driving of the motor if the load torque is lower than predetermined torque in a state in which the leading end of the sheet abuts against the abutment member to deflect the sheet and stops the driving of the motor if the load torque is higher than or equal to the predetermined torque.

A conveying mechanism has a pair of nipping members configured to nip a sheet from both sides thereof at a nipping position and to convey the sheet from upstream to downstream side. The pair of nipping members includes a conveying roller. A controller performs: a motor controlling process of controlling the motor to perform a conveying operation of the sheet by rotation of the conveying roller; a reaction-force calculating process of calculating a reaction-force inference value which corresponds to reaction force that acts on the motor, by removing a friction component generated due to rotation of the motor from a disturbance inference value, the disturbance inference value being calculated from both a control input to the motor and a control output relative to the control input; and a warning process of outputting warning in response to occurrence of multiple feeding of the sheet, based on the reaction-force inference value.