The skateboard capable of providing the self-propulsive force includes: a board main body; a center rotation portion which allows a user of the skateboard to change a direction of the skateboard with one foot put thereon; a first footrest portion which is provided on one side of the board main body with respect to the center portion and moves the board main body through a left and right reciprocating movement of the footrest; a second footrest portion which is provided on the other side of the board main body with respect to the center portion and moves the board main body through a left/right reciprocating movement of the footrest; and an elastic guide portion which is provided between the board main body and the wheel assemblies and guides left/right reciprocating movements of the support members.

An electric vehicle may comprise a board including first and second deck portions each configured to receive a left or right foot of a ride, a wheel assembly disposed between the deck portions and including a ground-contacting element, a motor assembly mounted to the board and configured to rotate the ground-contacting element around an axle to propel the electric vehicle, at least one sensor configured to measure orientation information of the board, and a motor controller configured to receive orientation information measured by the sensor and to cause the motor assembly to propel the electric vehicle based on the orientation information. The electric vehicle may include exactly one ground-contacting element, and the motor may be a hub motor.

Steering responses for a lean-to-steer device can be provided by controlling the steering angle of at least one wheel by a steering actuator that is operated by a controller. The controller receives signals that are indicative to the current operating conditions and adjusts the steering angle for at least one wheel responsive to the signals.