Embodiments described herein include an antimicrobial substrate surface. An example embodiment includes a structure that includes an antimicrobial surface on a substrate. The antimicrobial surface includes a plurality of nanostructures. Each nanostructure includes a nanopillar on the substrate. The nanopillar has a height. Each nanostructure also includes a head covering a distal end and at least part of the height of the nanopillar.

Methods for forming an electrode structure, which can be used as a biosensor, are provided in which the electrode structure has non-random topography located on one surface of an electrode base. In some embodiments, an electrode structure is obtained that contains no interface between the non-random topography of the electrode structure and the electrode base of the electrode structure. In other embodiments, electrode structures are obtained that have an interface between the non-random topography of the electrode structure and the electrode base of the electrode structure.

Dry adhesive microstructures may be post-treated to comprise mushroom-like flaps at their tips to interface with the contact surface. In some aspects, a change in material composition of the microstructures in a dry adhesive may affect mechanical properties to enhance or diminish overall adhesive performance. For example, conductive additives can be added to the material to improve adhesive performance. In other aspects, microstructures comprising conductive material may allow for pre-load engagement sensing systems to be integrated into the microstructures.

A method of producing a semiconductor device includes providing a carrier structure having a semiconductor substrate; applying or introducing a precursor substance onto or into the carrier structure, treating the precursor substance for producing a porous matrix structure; introducing a functionalization substance into the porous matrix structure.

According to an embodiment, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) transducer includes a substrate with a first cavity that passes through the substrate from a backside of the substrate. The MEMS transducer also includes a perforated first electrode plate overlying the first cavity on a topside of the substrate, a second electrode plate overlying the first cavity on the topside of the substrate and spaced apart from the perforated first electrode plate by a spacing region, and a gas sensitive material in the spacing region between the perforated first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The gas sensitive material has an electrical property that is dependent on a concentration of a target gas.

A method of manufacturing a microneedle according to the present disclosure includes a step of preparing a microneedle; a step of cooling the microneedle; and a step of inducing an endothermic reaction of the cooled microneedle, and coating the cooled microneedle with an active ingredient at least once. In accordance with such a configuration, coatability of the active ingredient can be improved due to an endothermic reaction without a separate drying process, thereby providing superior medication.

Compositions, devices, and methods are disclosed for the modification of polymer surfaces with coatings having a dispersion of silicone polymer and hydrophobic silica. The surface coatings provide the polymer surface with high hydrophobicity, as well as increased resistance to biofouling with proteinaceous material. The polymer surfaces can be particularly useful in microfluidic devices and methods that involve the contacting of the covalently modified polymer surfaces with emulsions of aqueous droplets containing biological macromolecules within an oil carrier phase.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a super-hydrophobic surface, and to a stack having a super-hydrophobic surface prepared by the above method. The super-hydrophobic surface may be realized only by plasma etching and deposition. The super-hydrophobic surface according to the present invention has a very low work of adhesion less than or equal to 3 mJ/m.sup.2. This super-hydrophobic surface may be applied to various fields including self-cleaning surface, anti-fogging surface, automobile glass surface, and drug delivery device surface.

A microfabricated device having at least one gas-entrapping feature formed therein in a configuration that entraps air bubbles upon wetting the feature with a solvent or solution is described. The device includes a sacrificial residue in contact with the gas-entrapping feature, the dissolution of which guides the wetting of the gas-entrapping feature.

A method for manufacturing a chip that includes a microchannel is described, wherein the method includes the steps of: fixing a cationic polymer having a quaternary onium group to at least one surface of each of a pair of resin substrates; and joining the resin substrates together on the surfaces on which the cationic polymer has been fixed.