Adsorptive bed devices include a monolithic scaffold having a stress absorbing rigid structure and open cells filled with adsorptive beads. The monolithic scaffold restricts movement of the plurality of adsorptive beads, absorbs stress induced by a hydraulic pressure gradient along a direction of liquid flow. In one embodiment the adsorptive bed is packed into a chromatography column, and in another embodiment the adsorptive bed is sealed in a monolithic block. In another embodiment, the adsorptive bed device includes an adsorptive block, first and second planar distributors and peripheral seal.

Provided is a carrier which has excellent pressure resistance, and even when a protein ligand is not immobilized thereon, has a high dynamic binding capacity to a target substance, and has a high performance of separating a target substance from a biological sample.

The carrier includes a polymer having a crosslinked structure containing a divalent group represented by the following Formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 independently represent a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, X represents a thio group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, an oxy group, >N(—R.sup.31), >Si(—R.sup.32).sub.2, >P(—R.sup.33), >P(═O)(—R.sup.34), >B(—R.sup.35), or >C(—R.sup.36).sub.2 (R.sup.31 to R.sup.36 independently represent a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group), and * represents a bond, with a proviso that when both R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 may form a ring together with an adjacent carbon atom, and when both R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 may form a ring together with an adjacent carbon atom.

Provided is a carrier which has excellent pressure resistance, and even when a protein ligand is not immobilized thereon, has a high dynamic binding capacity to a target substance, and has a high performance of separating a target substance from a biological sample.

The carrier includes a polymer having a crosslinked structure containing a divalent group represented by the following Formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 independently represent a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, X represents a thio group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, an oxy group, >N(—R.sup.31), >Si(—R.sup.32).sub.2, >P(—R.sup.33), >P(═O)(—R.sup.34), >B(—R.sup.35), or >C(—R.sup.36).sub.2 (R.sup.31 to R.sup.36 independently represent a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group), and * represents a bond, with a proviso that when both R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 may form a ring together with an adjacent carbon atom, and when both R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 may form a ring together with an adjacent carbon atom.

The invention relates to systems and methods for recharging sorbent materials and other rechargeable dialysis components. The systems and methods include rechargers, flow paths, and related components for connecting multiple rechargers together to sharing infrastructure and resources. The rechargeable dialysis components can include zirconium phosphate, zirconium oxide, and other sorbent cartridge materials including any combination thereof or any other rechargeable component of a dialysis system. Additionally, a single-use cartridge or a multi-use cartridge can be used in the present invention.

Methods for separation of oxygenates or other chemical components from fuels using chemical processes and separations including, but not limited to, onboard applications in vehicles. These separations may take place using a variety of materials and substances whereby a target material of interest is captured, held, and then released at a desired location and under desired conditions. In one set of experiments we demonstrated an enhancement in the separation of diaromatics by >38 times over gasoline and aromatics by >3.5 times over gasoline. This would give an advantage to reducing cold-start emissions, or emissions during transient conditions, in either gasoline or diesel.

A filtering medium, a method for the production thereof, the use of said filtering medium and a method for reducing the content of multiple contaminants simultaneously in fluids by means of said filtering medium, wherein said filtering medium has or includes at least one of the following: a mixture (A) containing a major part of an iron-based powder and a minor part of a silver powder, an iron-silver powder alloy (B), and an iron-based porous and permeable composite containing silver (C).

A filtering medium, a method for the production thereof, the use of said filtering medium and a method for reducing the content of multiple contaminants simultaneously in fluids by means of said filtering medium, wherein said filtering medium has or includes at least one of the following: a mixture (A) containing a major part of an iron-based powder and a minor part of a silver powder, an iron-silver powder alloy (B), and an iron-based porous and permeable composite containing silver (C).

The present disclosure provides processes and systems for ethanol production. In one embodiment, a first beer column receives a first portion of a feed mixture including ethanol and water to form a first beer column bottom stream and a first beer column vaporous overhead stream. A beer column receives a second portion of the feed mixture. A first portion of the first beer column bottom stream is forwarded to a first beer column reboiler. A second portion of the first beer column bottom stream is forwarded to a plurality of evaporators. A condensed portion of the first beer column vaporous overhead stream is forwarded to a stripper column. The stripper column forms a feed stream, which is contacted with a separation system, thereby forming a permeate and a retentate. The permeate is forwarded directly to at least one selected from the first beer column and the stripper column.

A composition includes a hybrid ligand. The hybrid ligand includes an amine group, an amide group or a sulfonamide group, and hydroxyl groups. A first method includes providing a solution containing a first polar analyte and a second polar analyte, applying the solution to a stationary phase including an immobilized hybrid ligand, applying an elution solvent to the stationary phase such that the first polar analyte and the second polar analyte pass through the stationary phase with different elution times, and collecting the first polar analyte at a first elution time and collecting the second polar analyte at a second elution time after the first elution time. A device of a packed column, a cartridge, a tube, a well plate, a membrane, or a planar thin-layer chromatography plate includes a solid support and a hybrid ligand coupled to the solid support. A second method forms an immobilized hybrid ligand.

A composition includes a hybrid ligand. The hybrid ligand includes an amine group, an amide group or a sulfonamide group, and hydroxyl groups. A first method includes providing a solution containing a first polar analyte and a second polar analyte, applying the solution to a stationary phase including an immobilized hybrid ligand, applying an elution solvent to the stationary phase such that the first polar analyte and the second polar analyte pass through the stationary phase with different elution times, and collecting the first polar analyte at a first elution time and collecting the second polar analyte at a second elution time after the first elution time. A device of a packed column, a cartridge, a tube, a well plate, a membrane, or a planar thin-layer chromatography plate includes a solid support and a hybrid ligand coupled to the solid support. A second method forms an immobilized hybrid ligand.