A heating device for an exhaust system has an electrically conductive foamed part and at least one stabilization part for the foamed part. The foamed part includes two end faces, an outer circumference and at least one recess starting from the outer circumference and extending in the axial direction from one to the other end face. The recesses produce sections which are opposite each other at a distance and continue into each other, forming a current path as a resistance heating element. The stabilization part at least partially fills the recess and mechanically couples the sections to each other, but does not electrically couple them to each other.

A portable air purifier is provided that may include a housing having an inlet forming a passage through which air is suctioned into the housing, a filter disposed at an upper side of the inlet and configured to purify air suctioned in through the inlet and flowing upward, an irradiator disposed at a lower side of the filter, installed at a height at which the irradiator overlaps the inlet and configured to irradiate light for sterilization onto the filter, and a sterilizer support configured to support the irradiator and configured to be fixed to the housing and disposed around an outer perimeter of the irradiator.

A method, system, and apparatus relating to operating an internal combustion engine include steps or features for determining a performance threshold of a particulate filter disposed in an exhaust gas flow of the engine having a set time interval between regeneration events of the particulate filter; determining a rate at which the particulate filter is reaching the performance threshold; and controlling an exhaust gas characteristic to control the rate so that the performance threshold is reached at or just before an end of the time interval. In an embodiment, there are steps or features for interpreting a filter condition of the particulate filter; determining a particulate matter load rate of the filter as a function of the condition; determining a limit of an exhaust gas characteristic based on the load rate; and controlling engine operation to control the exhaust gas characteristic to satisfy the limit.

The invention relates to a vacuum device having a vacuum chamber and to a vacuum pump for evacuating the vacuum chamber. The vacuum device can have a plasma generator in order to be able to treat items to be treated in the vacuum chamber with a plasma. An exhaust gas particle filter is connected upstream of the vacuum pump in order to protect the vacuum pump from aggressive reagents from the vacuum chamber. The exhaust gas particle filter has a filter element having a plurality of sintered metal filter bags. The sintered metal filter bags are preferably each formed from two tapered sintered sheet metal strips. The filter element can be connected to the plasma generator as an electrode of the plasma generator. The invention further relates to the use of an exhaust gas particle filter having sintered metal filter bags for protecting a vacuum pump.

The invention relates to a filter module for trapping overspray from booth air laden with overspray from coating facilities, particularly from painting facilities, having a module housing, in which a filter structure (88) is accommodated and which has a module inlet (74) and a module outlet (76), wherein the filter module (40) is designed in such a manner that it is swapped for an empty filter module (40) once a limit loading of overspray is reached. The filter module (40) comprises a recyclable reusable structure (112) of one or more reusable components that can be thermally regenerated and therefore the filter module (40) can at least partially be thermally regenerated. The invention also relates to a trap having one or more filter modules of this kind, a coating facility for coating objects (14) and to a method for operating a coating facility.

The invention relates to a filter module for trapping overspray from booth air laden with overspray from coating facilities, particularly from painting facilities, having a module housing, in which a filter structure (88) is accommodated and which has a module inlet (74) and a module outlet (76), wherein the filter module (40) is designed in such a manner that it is swapped for an empty filter module (40) once a limit loading of overspray is reached. The filter module (40) comprises a recyclable reusable structure (112) of one or more reusable components that can be thermally regenerated and therefore the filter module (40) can at least partially be thermally regenerated. The invention also relates to a trap having one or more filter modules of this kind, a coating facility for coating objects (14) and to a method for operating a coating facility.

Methods and systems are provided for monitoring a change in exhaust particulate filter (PF) soot load during an engine non-combusting condition. In one example, a method may include, responsive to a higher than threshold PF temperature immediately prior to an engine shutdown, estimating a rate of soot burn when the engine is no longer combusting, and estimating a soot load on the PF during and at an onset of immediately subsequent engine start based in part on the rate of soot burn.

The invention relates to a device for measuring, in near-real-time, the level of black carbon, brown carbon, organic carbon, total carbon and CO.sub.2 in air. The device also provides for a direct calculation of aerosol angstrom coefficient as well as estimation of emissions rates of black carbon or brown carbon from nearby combustion sources.

The invention relates to a device for measuring, in near-real-time, the level of black carbon, brown carbon, organic carbon, total carbon and CO.sub.2 in air. The device also provides for a direct calculation of aerosol angstrom coefficient as well as estimation of emissions rates of black carbon or brown carbon from nearby combustion sources.

A honeycomb structure including a honeycomb portion having porous partition walls extending from an inflow end face to an outflow end face, an outermost peripheral wall, and a pair of electrode layers on a side surface of the honeycomb portion. Each electrode layer extends in a direction of the cells. One electrode layer is disposed on a side opposite to the other electrode layer across a center of the honeycomb portion in a cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the cells. The honeycomb structure portion includes first cells opened on the inflow side and plugged on the outflow side, and second cells opened on the outflow side and plugged on the inflow side. A middle of each length of the pair of electrode layers is closer to the outflow side than a middle position of a length of the honeycomb portion in the extending direction of the cells.