A plant, such as a hydrocarbon plant, or synfuels plant, is provided, with effective use of various streams, in particular carbon dioxide and hydrogen. A method for producing a product stream, such as a hydrocarbon product stream, is also provided. The plant and method of the present invention provide overall better utilization of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, while avoiding build-up of inert components.

A method for isolating substantially pure carbon dioxide from flue gas is provided. The method can include combusting carbon based fuel to form flue gas; cooling the flue gas to provide substantially dry flue gas; removing N.sub.2 from the dry flue gas to provide substantially N.sub.2 free flue gas CO.sub.2; and liquifying the substantially N.sub.2 free flue gas CO.sub.2 to form substantially pure carbon dioxide.

A method for isolating substantially pure carbon dioxide from flue gas is provided. The method can include combusting carbon based fuel to form flue gas; cooling the flue gas to provide substantially dry flue gas; removing N.sub.2 from the dry flue gas to provide substantially N.sub.2 free flue gas CO.sub.2; and liquifying the substantially N.sub.2 free flue gas CO.sub.2 to form substantially pure carbon dioxide.

Decontaminating materials and methods of making and using the same are provided. The material comprises a network comprising electrospun polymeric nanofibers and at least 50 grams of metal organic framework (MOF) microparticles per m.sup.2 of the network based on the entire area of the network. A composition of the polymeric nanofibers comprises a hydroscopic polymer. An area of the material is defined by an outer surface of the network. The MOF microparticles are retained between the polymeric nanofibers in the network and are configured to decontaminate a chemical threat agent in contact with the material.

Decontaminating materials and methods of making and using the same are provided. The material comprises a network comprising electrospun polymeric nanofibers and at least 50 grams of metal organic framework (MOF) microparticles per m.sup.2 of the network based on the entire area of the network. A composition of the polymeric nanofibers comprises a hydroscopic polymer. An area of the material is defined by an outer surface of the network. The MOF microparticles are retained between the polymeric nanofibers in the network and are configured to decontaminate a chemical threat agent in contact with the material.

The present application relates generally to processes, systems, and compositions for greenhouse gas abatement. Typically, a greenhouse gas comprising methane, carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof is reacted with water under conditions to form a mixture comprising hydrates. The formed mixture comprising hydrates is transported to a location in need of gas. The transporting is conducted under conditions sufficient to preserve at least a portion of the hydrates in the formed mixture. The transported mixture comprising preserved hydrates is then converted to gas at or near the location in need of gas.

The present application relates generally to processes, systems, and compositions for greenhouse gas abatement. Typically, a greenhouse gas comprising methane, carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof is reacted with water under conditions to form a mixture comprising hydrates. The formed mixture comprising hydrates is transported to a location in need of gas. The transporting is conducted under conditions sufficient to preserve at least a portion of the hydrates in the formed mixture. The transported mixture comprising preserved hydrates is then converted to gas at or near the location in need of gas.

A process to clean a gas stream is described. The gas stream can include tail gas generated during carbon black production. The process involves a number of steps to systematically clean the starting gas stream so as to obtain a treat gas stream having fuel value and converting other parts of the gas stream to sulfur and carbon dioxide for recovery. A facility or system having various operation units to conduct the process of the present invention is further described.

A process to clean a gas stream is described. The gas stream can include tail gas generated during carbon black production. The process involves a number of steps to systematically clean the starting gas stream so as to obtain a treat gas stream having fuel value and converting other parts of the gas stream to sulfur and carbon dioxide for recovery. A facility or system having various operation units to conduct the process of the present invention is further described.

An electrochemical cell includes (a) an anode including a first liquid permeable carbon cloth carbon electrode and a first current collector, (b) a cathode including a second liquid permeable carbon cloth electrode and a second current collector, (c) a separator made from an insulating material, and (d) a current source applying an electrical current to said anode and said cathode.