A carbon reduction assembly adapted for use with wet and dry coal combustion products (“CCPs”). The assembly includes a direct-fired carbon reduction section having a dry material inlet device that is adapted to receive the dry CCPs and a direct-fired carbon reduction section burner unit that is adapted to reduce carbon content in the dry CCPs. The assembly also includes a direct-fired dryer section that is operatively connected with the direct-fired carbon reduction section and has a wet material inlet device that is adapted to receive the wet CCPs and a direct-fired dryer section drum that is adapted to dry the wet CCPs. The assembly further includes a control unit that is operatively connected with the carbon reduction section and the dryer section. An amount of hot gas generated by the carbon reduction section is conveyed to the dryer section, and the assembly is adapted to produce dry fly ash.

A carbon reduction assembly adapted for use with wet and dry coal combustion products (“CCPs”). The assembly includes a direct-fired carbon reduction section having a dry material inlet device that is adapted to receive the dry CCPs and a direct-fired carbon reduction section burner unit that is adapted to reduce carbon content in the dry CCPs. The assembly also includes a direct-fired dryer section that is operatively connected with the direct-fired carbon reduction section and has a wet material inlet device that is adapted to receive the wet CCPs and a direct-fired dryer section drum that is adapted to dry the wet CCPs. The assembly further includes a control unit that is operatively connected with the carbon reduction section and the dryer section. An amount of hot gas generated by the carbon reduction section is conveyed to the dryer section, and the assembly is adapted to produce dry fly ash.

Methods for removing sulfur dioxide from a gas stream are disclosed. A method may include passing a gas stream comprising SO.sub.2 through a gas scrubbing apparatus. A scrubbing liquor comprising hydroxide ions and at least one oxidation catalyst may be flowed into the gas scrubbing apparatus, thereby contacting the gas stream with the scrubbing liquor. In response to the contacting, at least 90 wt. % of the sulfur dioxide may be removed from the gas stream. Concomitant to the contacting, at least some of the sulfur dioxide may react with at least some of the hydroxide ions, thereby forming sulfite ions in the scrubbing liquor. Some of the sulfite ions may be oxidized, via the oxidation catalyst, thereby forming sulfate ions in the scrubbing liquor. A used scrubbing liquor may be discharged from the scrubbing apparatus.

A CO.sub.2 recovery device is provided with a CO.sub.2 absorption tower and an absorption-solution regeneration tower. The CO.sub.2 absorption tower includes: a CO.sub.2 absorption section in which CO.sub.2-containing flue gas is brought into contact with a CO.sub.2 absorption solution, namely a basic-amine-compound absorption solution, so as to remove CO.sub.2 from the CO.sub.2-containing flue gas; and a water-washing section in which decarbonated flue gas from which CO.sub.2 has been removed is brought into contact with washing water so as to remove accompanying substances accompanying the decarbonated flue gas. The absorption-solution regeneration tower regenerates the CO.sub.2 absorption solution that has absorbed CO.sub.2. This CO.sub.2 recovery device, in which a lean solution from which CO.sub.2 has been removed is reused in the CO.sub.2 absorption tower, has an aldehyde-removing agent supply unit that supplies a sulfite-compound aldehyde removing agent to a circulating washing-water line that circulates the washing water to the water-washing section.

A CO.sub.2 recovery device is provided with a CO.sub.2 absorption tower and an absorption-solution regeneration tower. The CO.sub.2 absorption tower includes: a CO.sub.2 absorption section in which CO.sub.2-containing flue gas is brought into contact with a CO.sub.2 absorption solution, namely a basic-amine-compound absorption solution, so as to remove CO.sub.2 from the CO.sub.2-containing flue gas; and a water-washing section in which decarbonated flue gas from which CO.sub.2 has been removed is brought into contact with washing water so as to remove accompanying substances accompanying the decarbonated flue gas. The absorption-solution regeneration tower regenerates the CO.sub.2 absorption solution that has absorbed CO.sub.2. This CO.sub.2 recovery device, in which a lean solution from which CO.sub.2 has been removed is reused in the CO.sub.2 absorption tower, has an aldehyde-removing agent supply unit that supplies a sulfite-compound aldehyde removing agent to a circulating washing-water line that circulates the washing water to the water-washing section.

A method is described for mixing gas and liquid for gravitational, physical and chemical collection of compounds or particles, based on decreasing of the compounds free mean path in a vessel, and comprising the steps of: gravitational depletion, involving abating compounds and liquid chemical solution drops with higher diameter than higher volume; physical deposition, involving the condensation of abated compounds on a wet surface of the vessel; chemical adsorption, involving chemical reaction between the abated compounds and the species in the liquid chemical solution.

A system for use in recovering carbon dioxide from a stream of gas includes an absorption unit configured to receive the stream of gas and a stream of liquid absorbent. The gas includes carbon dioxide and vaporized water, and the liquid absorbent is chemically reactive with the carbon dioxide to form a solidified carbon dioxide-rich absorbent material. The gas and the liquid absorbent are mixed in the absorption unit such that a slurry that includes the solidified carbon dioxide-rich absorbent material and condensed water is formed therein. The system also includes a transport mechanism coupled in communication with the absorption unit, wherein the transport mechanism is configured to channel the slurry downstream from the absorption unit.

The invention relates to a process for removing a target gas from a gas stream rich in the target gas and to an absorbent solution for absorbing a gas, such as carbon dioxide, from a gas stream. The invention involves the use of a photoactive compound that is convertible from a first state to a second state upon irradiation to facilitate removal or collection of a target gas from a gas stream.

The present disclosure provides a method for processing an acid gas, comprising: using a processor 1 for receiving and processing the acid gas to obtain a gas phase stream 1 and a liquid phase stream 2, wherein the stream 2 is partially or completely recycled to the processor 1; using a processor 2 for processing the stream 1 from the processor 1 to obtain a gas phase stream 3 and a liquid phase stream 4; using a processor 3 for processing the stream 3 from the processor 2 to obtain a gas phase stream 5 and a liquid phase stream 6; and using a processor 4 for receiving the stream 43 from the processor 2 and using the stream 43 as a processing solution for processing the stream 5 from the processor 3 to obtain a gas phase stream 7 and a liquid phase stream 8, which can be divided into two sub-streams including a stream 81 and a stream 82. The present disclosure further provides an apparatus for processing an acid gas.

The present disclosure provides a method for processing an acid gas, comprising: using a processor 1 for receiving and processing the acid gas to obtain a gas phase stream 1 and a liquid phase stream 2, wherein the stream 2 is partially or completely recycled to the processor 1; using a processor 2 for processing the stream 1 from the processor 1 to obtain a gas phase stream 3 and a liquid phase stream 4; using a processor 3 for processing the stream 3 from the processor 2 to obtain a gas phase stream 5 and a liquid phase stream 6; and using a processor 4 for receiving the stream 43 from the processor 2 and using the stream 43 as a processing solution for processing the stream 5 from the processor 3 to obtain a gas phase stream 7 and a liquid phase stream 8, which can be divided into two sub-streams including a stream 81 and a stream 82. The present disclosure further provides an apparatus for processing an acid gas.