A two or particularly three-phase process, and corresponding apparatus, desulfurizes sour hydrocarbon gas, e.g., natural gas, generally better than known, using a fixed-bed, two-phase processes in terms of the amount of H.sub.2S scavenged and the breakthrough time of H.sub.2S. The three-phase process is effective in scavenging H.sub.2S at ambient temperature and pressure, using a copper salt catalyst impregnated on alumina or other generally inert support, which is regenerable.

A two or particularly three-phase process, and corresponding apparatus, desulfurizes sour hydrocarbon gas, e.g., natural gas, generally better than known, using a fixed-bed, two-phase processes in terms of the amount of H.sub.2S scavenged and the breakthrough time of H.sub.2S. The three-phase process is effective in scavenging H.sub.2S at ambient temperature and pressure, using a copper salt catalyst impregnated on alumina or other generally inert support, which is regenerable.

A compound represented by Formula (1): each of L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 independently represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.3, NR.sup.3R.sup.4, an ester group, a carboxy group, an amide group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a halogen atom, an acyl group, CF.sub.3, O(CH.sub.2).sub.1OCH.sub.3, a carbamate group, or an aryl group. 1 represents 1 or 2. Each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one hydrogen atom of the divalent hydrocarbon group is optionally substituted with an alkyl group, an aryl group, an ester group, a carboxy group, an amide group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a halogen atom, an acyl group, CF.sub.3, O(CH.sub.2).sub.1OCH.sub.3, a carbamate group, or an alkoxy group, each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, an acyl group, an ester group, an alkylsulfonyl group, or an arylsulfonyl group, each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryl group, and n+m≥1.

Method and system are disclosed for the production and use of a chemical compound, where a given amount of CO.sub.2 is emitted in the production and the use, including producing a second chemical compound that is required for the production or the use of the first compound, where the production of the second compound consumes CO.sub.2 and sequesters it from the atmosphere so that the total net CO.sub.2 emitted in the production and use of the first compound is now reduced. In one embodiment, the second chemical compound is a negative-CO.sub.2-emissions hydrogen, oxygen or chlorine gas produced in an electrolytic cell.

Method and system are disclosed for the production and use of a chemical compound, where a given amount of CO.sub.2 is emitted in the production and the use, including producing a second chemical compound that is required for the production or the use of the first compound, where the production of the second compound consumes CO.sub.2 and sequesters it from the atmosphere so that the total net CO.sub.2 emitted in the production and use of the first compound is now reduced. In one embodiment, the second chemical compound is a negative-CO.sub.2-emissions hydrogen, oxygen or chlorine gas produced in an electrolytic cell.

A method (200) for desulfurization of a flue gas in a desulfurization unit of an industrial plant, includes receiving (202) a plurality of baseline parameters corresponding to the desulfurization unit of the industrial plant. The method further includes measuring (204), using a stack sensor, an emission value of sulfur oxides in the flue gas. The method also includes estimating (208), using a controller, a desirable value of a slurry parameter for desulfurization of the flue gas based on the measured emission value of the sulfur oxides. The method further includes determining (208), using the controller, at least one desulfurization parameter based on the desirable value of the slurry parameter. The method also includes controlling (210), using the controller, operation of the desulfurization unit based on the at least one desulfurization parameter to modify consumption of at least one of a slurry and an auxiliary power in the industrial plant.

A method (200) for desulfurization of a flue gas in a desulfurization unit of an industrial plant, includes receiving (202) a plurality of baseline parameters corresponding to the desulfurization unit of the industrial plant. The method further includes measuring (204), using a stack sensor, an emission value of sulfur oxides in the flue gas. The method also includes estimating (208), using a controller, a desirable value of a slurry parameter for desulfurization of the flue gas based on the measured emission value of the sulfur oxides. The method further includes determining (208), using the controller, at least one desulfurization parameter based on the desirable value of the slurry parameter. The method also includes controlling (210), using the controller, operation of the desulfurization unit based on the at least one desulfurization parameter to modify consumption of at least one of a slurry and an auxiliary power in the industrial plant.

Systems and apparatuses for neutralizing acidic compounds in flue gases emitted from a heat recovery coke oven. A representative system includes a spray dry absorber having a barrel that includes a plurality of wall plates that form sidewalls of the barrel. The wall plates include a steel plate and a corrosion resistant alloy cladded to the steel plate and the wall plates are oriented such that the corrosion resistant alloy faces toward and is in fluid communication with an interior area of the barrel. The alloy is resistant to corrosion caused by the acidic compounds in the flue gas and can prevent the steel plate from being corroded by these acidic compounds.

Systems and apparatuses for neutralizing acidic compounds in flue gases emitted from a heat recovery coke oven. A representative system includes a spray dry absorber having a barrel that includes a plurality of wall plates that form sidewalls of the barrel. The wall plates include a steel plate and a corrosion resistant alloy cladded to the steel plate and the wall plates are oriented such that the corrosion resistant alloy faces toward and is in fluid communication with an interior area of the barrel. The alloy is resistant to corrosion caused by the acidic compounds in the flue gas and can prevent the steel plate from being corroded by these acidic compounds.

A purification composition, comprising 50-60% by weight of ash and 40-50% by weight of liquid. A method for producing the purification composition, comprising: measuring an amount of ash, combining the ash and liquid, wherein an amount of the liquid is based on the amount of the ash, adjusting a temperature of the combination of the ash and the liquid by adjusting a temperature of the liquid and mixing the ash and the liquid. A method for purifying a flue gas by the purification composition, comprising: combining the purification composition and vapour to form a chute, adding the chute to the flue gas, adding the purification composition to the flue gas and over-pressuring the flue gas and adding more of the purification composition to the flue gas and under-pressuring the flue gas.