Provided are flux enhancing inclusion complexes for preparing highly permeable thin film composite membranes, and processes that include adding the flux enhancing inclusion complexes to the organic phase or aqueous phase prior to interfacial polymerization of the thin film composite membrane. The thin film composite membranes are suitable for nanofiltration, and reverse and forward osmosis. The provided processes can include contacting a porous support membrane with an aqueous phase containing a polyamine to form a coated support membrane, and applying an organic phase containing a polyfunctional acid halide and a flux enhancing inclusion complex to the coated support membrane to interfacially polymerize the polyamine and the polyfunctional acid halide to form a discrimination layer to form thin film composite membranes.

A filtration filter comprises a metallic mesh having a circumferential shape and radially inner and outer portions. The metallic mesh is adapted to filter out a filtration target object contained in a fluid passing through the membrane. First and second frame members hold the outer portion there between so as to create first and second bent sections separated by a transition section extending between the first and second bent sections. The transition section includes at least one streaked projection.

A hydrogen permeation membrane is provided that can include a metal and a ceramic material mixed together. The metal can be Ni, Zr, Nb, Ta, Y, Pd, Fe, Cr, Co, V, or combinations thereof, and the ceramic material can have the formula: BaZr.sub.1-x-yY.sub.xT.sub.yO.sub.3- where 0x0.5, 0y0.5, (x+y)>0; 00.5, and T is Sc, Ti, Nb, Ta, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, In, Sn, or combinations thereof. A method of forming such a membrane is also provided. A method is also provided for extracting hydrogen from a feed stream.

The present disclosure relates to a method of forming a metallic layer having pores extending therethrough, the method comprising the steps of: (a) contacting a cathode substrate with an electrolyte solution comprising at least one cation; reducing the cation to deposit the metallic layer on a surface of the cathode substrate; and (c) generating a plurality of non-conductive regions on the cathode substrate surface during reducing step (b); wherein the deposition of the metallic layer is substantially prevented on the non-conductive regions on the cathode substrate surface to thereby form pores extending through the deposited metallic layer. The present disclosure further provides a metallic porous membrane fabricated by the disclosed process.

A composite membrane comprising: a. a porous support; b. a polymeric layer comprising dialkylsiloxane groups and a metal, the polymeric layer being present on the porous support; c. a discriminating layer present on the polymeric layer; and d. optionally a protective layer present on the discriminating layer wherein the polymeric layer has a molar ratio of metal:silicon of at least 0.0005.

A support nanofunctionalised with photocatalytic nanoparticles made of polymeric material, preferably transparent or translucid, characterised by a nanoroughness, measured by means of an electron microscope, comprised between 10 and 150 nm and a macroroughness, measured by means of an electron microscope, comprised between 100 and 600 m, wherein said nano and macro-roughness are diffused internally and/or superficially. A process for preparing the nanofunctionalised support is also described. Further, an use of the nanofunctionalised support as a photocatalyst activated by UV and/or visible light, for the decontamination of a fluid, preferably air and/or water, from organic contaminants, bacteria, moulds, odours and a combination thereof is described. Finally, a filtration device comprising at least one nanofunctionalised support of the invention associated with at least one source of UV and/or visible light configured to irradiate said at least one nanofunctionalised support is described.

Disclosed are a composite nanofiltration membrane for efficiently intercepting ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate and simultaneously adsorbing and removing mercury ions and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of industrial exhaust gas purification, wastewater purification and treatment and resource utilization. The preparation method of the composite nanofiltration membrane, comprising following steps: adding a cellulose nano fibrils colloid and a carboxylated carbon nanotubes-sodium dodecyl sulfate colloid into an MXene few layer dispersion solution to obtain a mixed dispersion solution, filtering the mixed dispersion solution in vacuum to a surface of a nanofiltration membrane, and standing and drying at room temperature to obtain a composite nanofiltration membrane.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a micropore filter usable as SCE. Stainless steel particles having particle diameters of 3 to 60 m are subjected to milling in a bead mill using zirconia beads to prepare powder having a flakiness of 0.03 to 0.4. The zirconia adhered to the surface of the powder is removed by pickling. A load of 10 to 15 kN is applied to 0.5 to 1.0 g of the pickled powder, thereby compacting the powder into a columnar compact body. The compact body is kept and fired in a vacuum atmosphere of 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.3 Pa at a temperature of 1000 to 1300 C. for 1 to 3 hours to form a sintered body. The sintered body is pressed into a pipe having an inner diameter of 0.90 to 0.99 times of the outer diameter of the sintered body, and extruded to obtain a micropore filter.

The present invention relates to design and manufacture of multilayer sintered membranes made from metals and inorganic compounds (ceramics, silicate, clay, zeolites, phosphates, etc.). The membranes are designated for separation of water. They comprise at least one layer having nanopores commensurable with the size of water molecules. The membranes comprise: (a) supporting metallic layer having pore size 1-500 microns, (b) metallic interlayer having pore size <2 micron, (c) sublayer with local regular protrusions of the interlayer into the supporting layer to increase service life of the membrane, and (d) one nanoporous ceramic or metallic top layer having pore size in the range of 1-15 angstroms. The invented design and method allow the manufacture of cost-effective multilayer membranes containing nanoporous layer with controlled pore sizes in each layer and optimal morphology of pores that provides selective transport of molecules during filtration and separation of liquids.

Provided are flux enhancing inclusion complexes for preparing highly permeable thin film composite membranes, and processes that include adding the flux enhancing inclusion complexes to the organic phase or aqueous phase prior to interfacial polymerization of the thin film composite membrane. The thin film composite membranes are suitable for nanofiltration, and reverse and forward osmosis. The provided processes can include contacting a porous support membrane with an aqueous phase containing a polyamine to form a coated support membrane, and applying an organic phase containing a polyfunctional acid halide and a flux enhancing inclusion complex to the coated support membrane to interfacially polymerize the polyamine and the polyfunctional acid halide to form a discrimination layer to form thin film composite membranes.