Magnesium ion selective electrode membranes and the preparation thereof. The membranes are rendered highly selective for magnesium ions by the addition of acidic groups to the preferably PVC membrane, either by introducing a lipophilic compound comprising an acidic group covalently linked to a C4-C18 alkyl-substituted phenyl group (e.g. bis-4-octylphenyl phosphoric acid) into the membrane comprising the magnesium selective ionophore (e.g. a neutral ionophore 1,10-phenanthroline derivative) or by covalently linking an acidic (e.g. a carboxylic) group to the ionophore (e.g. a 1,10-phenanthroline derivative).

A process for separating hydrogen from a gas mixture having hydrogen and a larger gas molecule is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer membrane having a hydrogen permeance in combination with a hydrogen/methane selectivity, wherein the combination of hydrogen permeance and hydrogen/methane selectivity is (i) at least 30 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 200 hydrogen/methane selectivity or (ii) at least 10 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 700 hydrogen/methane selectivity. The carbonized PVDC copolymer may be made by heating and restraining a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 250 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100? C. to 180? C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating and restraining the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350? C. to 750? C.

A method for manufacturing a filter membrane for inhibiting microorganisms includes the following steps: obtaining a nano-zinc precursor and dissolving it into water, adding at least one reducing agent and interfacial agent to the water, thereby reducing zinc ions of the nano-zinc precursor to zinc particles so as to form liquid having nano-zinc particles; respectively placing the liquid having nano-zinc particles and a polymer material into plastic masterbatch process equipment, respectively volatilizing the fluid having nano-zinc particles and polymer material through the plastic masterbatch process equipment, performing air extraction and mixing by the plastic masterbatch process equipment, and adding at least one grafting agent to perform a mixed graft link, allowing the nano-zinc particles and polymer material to be linked together stably so as to form a plastic masterbatch having nano-zinc particles; and making the plastic masterbatch into a filer membrane through film making equipment.

The invention provides a porous membrane comprising polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and at least one inorganic filler embedded in the porous membrane wherein the inorganic filler comprises sulfuric acid precipitated silica. The invention further provides a process for the production of said porous membrane.

The present invention provides a cation-exchange composite membrane comprising a copolymer containing a styrene repeating unit introduced with a sulfonation group, a tert-butylstyrene repeating unit and a crosslink repeating unit, an olefin additive, a plasticizer and a polyvinyl halide polymer.

The cation-exchange composite membrane comprising a copolymer containing a styrene repeating unit introduced with a sulfonation group, a tert-butylstyrene repeating unit and a crosslink repeating unit, an olefin additive, a plasticizer and a polyvinyl halide polymer of the present invention not only displays low electrical resistance, excellent ion exchange capability, excellent ionic conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, excellent chemical properties, and processability, but also is easy to regulate its ion exchange ability and ionic conductivity. Also, the composite membrane of the invention is easier to produce and cheaper to manufacture than the conventional cation-exchange composite membrane.

The present invention provides an anion-exchange composite membrane comprising a copolymer containing a vinylbenzyl trialkylammonium salt repeating unit, a styrene repeating unit and a divinylbenzene derived repeating unit; an olefin additive; a plasticizer; and a polyvinyl halide polymer.

The anion-exchange composite membrane comprising a copolymer containing a vinylbenzyl trialkylammonium salt repeating unit, a styrene repeating unit and a divinylbenzene derived repeating unit; an olefin additive; a plasticizer; and polyvinylidene fluoride of the present invention not only displays low electrical resistance, excellent ion exchange capability, excellent ionic conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, excellent chemical properties, and processability, but also is easy to regulate its ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivity. Also, the composite membrane of the invention is easier to produce and cheaper to manufacture than the conventional anion-exchange composite membrane.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing a water permeable molecular sieve in which a porous substrate having micron-size pores has deposited on a surface thereof non-porous 2D platelets to seal, at the substrate surface, pores in the porous substrate to form a layer of 2D platelets. A curable sealing material is deposited onto the layer of 2D platelets and any remaining exposed areas of the surface of the porous substrate and curing the curable sealing material in order to form a sealed layer on the surface of the porous substrate to prevent water by-passing the non-porous 2D platelets and passing through the porous substrate. An array of sub-nanopores are then produced through the sealed layer with the array of sub-nanopores having a size to allow water to pass therethrough but not metal ions to give a water permeable molecular sieve characterized by water permeability at low di?erential pressures.

A composite membrane including an organic polymer matrix and a plurality of porous inorganic particles is disclosed, wherein each of the porous inorganic particles has a plurality of pores arranged while forming a channel in a predetermined direction, and wherein an average length of the porous inorganic particles in a direction parallel to the channel is less than three times the average maximum length of the porous inorganic particles in the direction perpendicular to the channel.

A method for creating a functional coating on a substrate in vacuum from a deposited monomer material in absence of oxygen and/or radiation from a radiation source. The substrate may be preliminarily activated with inert gas to form an activated layer thereon. The method may include depositing a fluorine containing monomer having a first CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratio, and forming, on the substrate, the self-assembled polymer coating that has a second CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratio, where the first and second CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratios are equal.

An ion-exchange membrane is disclosed here including ion-permeable layers impregnated with an ion-exchange material and arranged in an order from one face of the membrane to the opposite face of the membrane such that opposing layers in the supporting membrane substrate provide sufficiently identical physical properties to substantially avoid irregular expansion when in a salt solution. The ion-permeable layers including at least one non-woven layer and at least one reinforcing layer.