A polymer membrane for water treatment, characterized in comprising a hollow fiber membrane having a self-supporting design composed of the substantially single principal structural material, with an outer diameter of 3.6 mm to 10 mm and a ratio of outer diameter to thickness, SDR, of 3.6 to 34.

A method for creating a functional coating on a substrate in vacuum from a deposited monomer material in absence of oxygen and/or radiation from a radiation source. The substrate may be preliminarily activated with inert gas to form an activated layer thereon. The method may include depositing a fluorine containing monomer having a first CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratio, and forming, on the substrate, the self-assembled polymer coating that has a second CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratio, where the first and second CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratios are equal.

A method for preparing a durably hydrophilic and uniform-pore ultrafiltration membrane is disclosed herein. Chemical reactions between the functional groups and the active bonds of the molecular chains in the membrane materials are initiated perform the grafting of hydrophilic chains on the polymer chains under conventional dissolution conditions of the polymer membrane material (dissolution with synchronized hydrophilization), so as to realize durable hydrophilization of the membrane materials. The resulting hydrophilized polymer solution (a nascent-state membrane) is introduced into a coagulation bath to initiate a crosslinking reaction among the hydrophilic chains. The resulting crosslinking serves to synergistically regulate subsequent phase separation and membrane formation (phase separation under synergistic crosslinking).

A method of manufacturing a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane includes forming one or more hollow fibers, the one or more hollow fibers including a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer; exposing the one or more hollow fibers to a caustic solution, wherein the caustic solution includes a strong base and a solvent; applying a tension at opposite ends of the one or more hollow fibers, thereby maintaining the one or more hollow fibers in a straight shape; pretreating the one or more hollow fibers under the tension by heating at a first temperature of from 120 C. to 200 C. with air, an inert gas, or combinations thereof; pyrolyzing the one or more hollow fibers at a second temperature of from 500 C. to 1500 C. with inert gas; and bundling the one or more hollow fibers to form the CMS membrane.

A bipolar membrane in which a cation-exchange membrane and an anion-exchange membrane are joined to each other, wherein a leakage ratio of gluconic acid at 60 C. is not more than 1.0%, and the cation-exchange membrane is supported by a polyolefin reinforcing member and, further, contains a polyvinyl chloride.

Calcined or pyrolyzed metal compounds immobilized in membranes based on ionic liquids and/or eutectic solvents. The invention relates to new catalytic membranes synthesized from ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents and oxidized or pyrolyzed immobilized metal compounds in the membranes. The use of these new catalytic membranes in oxidation/reduction reactions, for application in fuel cells and in water electrolyzers for hydrogen production, is described.

A necklace-type nanofiber hybrid membrane is disclosed. ZIF-67 (Zeolite imidazolate framework-67), a type of metal-organic framework (MOF), is formed surrounding surface of the nanofibers to possess a necklace-type structure. The combination of ZIF-67 and nanofibers enables simultaneous removal of fine dust and sulfides while exhibiting excellent stability.

A metal-organic framework material separation membrane and a preparation method for the metal-organic framework material separation membrane are provided. The metal-organic framework material separation membrane has a base membrane and a metal-organic framework material functional layer. The metal-organic framework material functional layer comprises has an inter-embedded polyhedron structure. The preparation metal-organic framework material separation membrane includes the steps of: (1) preparing a solution containing a first organic solvent, an organic ligand, a metal compound, and an auxiliary agent; (2) subjecting a base membrane to a pretreatment, involving introducing, on the surface of the base membrane, metal atoms from the metal compound of step (1); and (3) mixing the pretreated base membrane of step (2) with the solution of step (1) to obtain a first mixture, and then heating the first mixture for reaction, so as to prepare a metal-organic framework material separation membrane.