An improved apparatus for the separation of gas or gas-vapor, as well as simultaneous product transformation or conversion of one or more of the separated gas or gas-vapor species, includes modification of a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube to include an electric field internal to the vortex tube, created either by an applied potential or induced by temperature-dependent triboelectric effects, or a combination of both. The electric field is used to enhance separation of gaseous components, with particular emphasis on separation of CO.sub.2 from a gaseous mixture, and to promote subsequent conversion of the resulting separated gaseous product or products.

A catalyst for catalytic oxidation-deoxidation method of unsaturated hydrocarbon-containing gas has a carrier, an active component, a first co-agent component, and a second co-agent component loaded on the carrier respectively. The active component is one or more selected from the group consisting of oxides of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ag and Ir. The first co-agent component has one or more selected from the group consisting of a rare earth metal element, a group IVB metal element and a group VIII metal element; and the second co-agent component has one or more alkali metal element and alkaline earth metal element. The deoxidation method using the catalyst eliminates the need to add a reducing gas such as H.sub.2, allows hydrocarbons to react directly with oxygen to produce CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, achieves the goal of deoxidating a hydrocarbon-containing tail gas, and can prevent the generation of carbon deposits.

A catalyst composition comprising a first platinum group metal (PGM) component and a first support material, wherein the first PGM component comprises platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) and is supported on the first support material; and wherein the first PGM component has a Pt:Pd molar ratio of from about 5:95 to about 95:5.

A three-way catalyst article, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The catalyst article for treating exhaust gas comprising: a substrate comprising an inlet end and an outlet end with an axial length L; and a first catalytic region on the substrate; wherein the first catalytic region comprises a first PGM component and a first alumina, wherein the first alumina is doped with a first dopant of at least 5 wt. %, and wherein the first dopant is selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ta, Mo, W, Ti, Nb, and a combination thereof.

A method of manufacturing a catalyst article, the method comprising: providing a complex of a maleic acid-containing polymer and a PGM; providing a support material; applying the complex to the support material to form a loaded support material; disposing the loaded support material on a substrate; and heating the loaded support material to form nanoparticles of the PGM on the support material.

Disclosed in the present invention is a tail gas treatment catalyst. The catalyst consists of a carrier, a first catalyst, and a second catalyst. The first catalyst and the second catalyst are provided on both ends of the carrier. The first catalyst can purify pollutants in tail gas. The second catalyst can purify a byproduct, ammonia, obtained by the purification by the first catalyst and pollutants that are not completely purified by the first catalyst. The second catalyst is of a double-layer structure; the lower layer consists of an oxygen storage material, aluminum oxide, and a second active component; the second active component is a composition of Pt and Pd, or a composition of Ce, Fe, Ni and Cu; the upper layer consists of a molecular sieve and a third active component; the third active component is Cu or a composition of Cu and Fe. The tail gas treatment catalyst of the present invention has high purification treatment efficiency, and can significantly reduce the emissions of CH.sub.4, CO, and NO.sub.x in the tail gas, especially reduce the content of the byproduct, NH.sub.3, so that the tail gas can meet China VI emission standards.

Methods for exhaust gas purification, including the steps of: attaching an exhaust gas purification catalyst to an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, and supplying an exhaust gas to the exhaust gas purification catalyst, where the exhaust gas purification catalyst includes an upper layer containing first carrier particles which are particles of an inorganic oxide and rhodium, and a lower layer containing second carrier particles which are particles of an inorganic oxide, the upper layer includes a rhodium-rich portion near the surface of the upper layer on the upstream side of the exhaust gas flow, and the existence range of the rhodium-rich portion is in a range of greater than 50% to 80% of the length of the upper layer from a downstream side end of an exhaust gas flow and of less than 20 μm in the depth direction from an outermost surface of the upper layer.

An exhaust gas control apparatus includes a honeycomb substrate and an inlet cell-side catalyst layer. The honeycomb substrate includes a porous partition wall that defines a plurality of cells extending from an inlet-side end face to an outlet-side end face. The cells include an inlet cell and an outlet cell that are adjacent to each other with the partition wall therebetween. The inlet cell is open at its inlet-side end and is sealed at its outlet-side end. The outlet cell is sealed at its inlet-side end and is open at its outlet-side end. The inlet cell-side catalyst layer is provided on a surface on the inlet cell side of the partition wall and extends from an inlet-side end of the partition wall. Porosity of the inlet cell-side catalyst layer is in a specific range.

The present disclosure relates to a carbon dioxide capture device comprising a first reactor and a second reactor both of which show a (photo)anode containing or connected to oxygen evolution and/or carbon dioxide evolution catalyst(s) and a (photo)cathode containing or connected to an oxygen reduction catalyst, wherein the first reactor comprises an anion exchange membrane placed between the porous (photo)anode and porous (photo)cathode, and the second reactor comprises a proton exchange membrane placed between the porous (photo)anode and porous (photo)cathode. On the porous (photo)cathode side of the first reactor there is a fluid inlet able to carry carbon dioxide, air and water, and on the side of the porous (photo)cathode of the second reactor there is a fluid outlet able to carry carbon dioxide and water.

The present invention relates to a particulate filter which comprises a wall-flow filter of length L and two different catalytically active coatings Y and Z, wherein the wall flow filter comprises channels E and A that extend in parallel between a first and a second end of the wall-flow filter and are separated by porous walls which form the surfaces O.sub.E and O.sub.A, respectively, and wherein the channels E are closed at the second end and the channels A are closed at the first end. The invention is characterized in that the coating Y is located in the channels E on the surfaces O.sub.E and the coating Z is located in the porous walls.