A SHC apparatus and process comprise a catalyst precursor reactor for providing a catalyst precursor stream in downstream communication with a source of molybdenum, a SHC feed line for providing a heavy hydrocarbon feed stream in downstream communication with a heater, and a SHC reactor in downstream communication with the SHC feed line and with the catalyst precursor reactor. A process for SHC, the process comprising preparing a catalyst precursor stream comprising molybdenum in a catalyst precursor reactor, mixing the catalyst precursor stream with a heavy hydrocarbon stream to provide a catalyst precursor concentrate stream, heating a hydrocracking hydrocarbon feed stream in a heater to provide a heated hydrocracking feed stream, mixing the catalyst precursor concentrate stream with the heated hydrocarbon stream to provide a SHC feed stream, and reacting the SHC feed stream in a SHC reactor.

Apparatuses and processes that produce multimodal polyolefins, and in particular, polyethylene resins, are disclosed herein. This is accomplished by using two reactors in series, where one of the reactors is a multi-zone circulating reactor that can circulate polyolefin particles through two polymerization zones optionally having two different flow regimes so that the final multimodal polyolefin has improved product properties and improved product homogeneity.

Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for cracking hydrocarbons into hydrogen gas and carbon using heating of a fluidized bed. The systems and methods utilize electrically conductive carbon or graphite particles as a fluidized bed material for heating hydrocarbon feedstock to at least a pyrolysis temperature. The electrically conductive carbon, graphite, or other particles may be heated by electrically powered sources that include induction heating, microwave heating, millimeter wave heating, joule heating and/or plasma heating. Combustion heating may also be employed in varying amounts with varying combinations of electrically powered heating sources.

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor comprising a reaction chamber for particulate matter, the reaction chamber having at least one particulate matter inlet (3) for the particulate matter and at least one primary particulate matter outlet for the particulate matter, and a fluidizing grate having multiple openings for an operating fluid to fluidize particulate matter above the fluidizing grate.

A SHC apparatus and process comprise a catalyst precursor reactor for providing a catalyst precursor stream in downstream communication with a source of molybdenum, a SHC feed line for providing a heavy hydrocarbon feed stream in downstream communication with a heater, and a SHC reactor in downstream communication with the SHC feed line and with the catalyst precursor reactor. A process for SHC, the process comprising preparing a catalyst precursor stream comprising molybdenum in a catalyst precursor reactor, mixing the catalyst precursor stream with a heavy hydrocarbon stream to provide a catalyst precursor concentrate stream, heating a hydrocracking hydrocarbon feed stream in a heater to provide a heated hydrocracking feed stream, mixing the catalyst precursor concentrate stream with the heated hydrocarbon stream to provide a SHC feed stream, and reacting the SHC feed stream in a SHC reactor.

Chlorosilanes are produced in exalted yield in a fluidized bed process when the reactor hydraulic diameter, Sauter particle diameter, and superficial gas velocity are used to define a parameter space as a function of Reynolds number and Archimedes number.

A method for processing a chemical stream includes contacting a feed stream with a catalyst in a reactor portion of a reactor system that includes a reactor portion and a catalyst processing portion. The catalyst includes platinum, gallium, or both and contacting the feed stream with the catalyst causes a reaction which forms an effluent stream. The method includes separating the effluent stream from the catalyst, passing the catalyst to the catalyst processing portion, and processing the catalyst in the catalyst processing portion. Processing the catalyst includes passing the catalyst to a combustor, combusting a supplemental fuel in the combustor to heat the catalyst, treating the heated catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas to produce a reactivated catalyst, and passing the reactivated catalyst from the catalyst processing portion to the reactor portion. The supplemental fuel may include a molar ratio of hydrogen to other combustible fuels of at least 1:1.

The invention relates to a method for regulating the gas velocity of the empty bed in a fluidized bed, wherein solid catalysts are used as fluidized particles or as a part of fluidized particles, characterized in that the gas velocity of the empty bed μ of the reaction zone of the fluidized bed is measured, compared with the bed average catalyst density ρ of the solid catalysts in the reaction zone of the fluidized bed, the gas velocity of the empty bed μ being adjusted as required such that the gas velocity of the empty bed μ and the bed average catalyst density ρ satisfy the formula (I) below: ρ=0.356μ.sup.3−4.319μ.sup.2−35.57μ+M; wherein M=250−; where μ is provided in m/s and ρ is provided in kg/m.sup.3. The method can be used for the industrial production of lower olefin.

The invention provides a slow-release material comprising particles, wherein the particles comprise a core comprising an active component and a multilayer shell, wherein the multi-layer shell comprises a molecular layer deposition (MLD) multi-layer, wherein the active component comprises one or more of a pharmaceutical compound and a nutraceutical compound, for use in the treatment of a disease.

Methods and apparatus for introducing a gas into the reaction zone of a reactor. Such methods and apparatus can more evenly distribute the gas throughout the reaction zone. Spargers for introducing a gas into the reaction zone of a reactor can be employed in systems and methods for carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound, such as para-xylene.