Gas streams may be effectively processed using microwave energy in such a way as to significantly reduce processing cost and plant complexity. In the first instance, microwave energy is used to generate a self-catalytic, non-equilibrium plasma, resulting in essentially complete gas reaction at industrial scales of operation. In the second instance, microwave energy is used in combination with conventional catalyst materials to significantly enhance their performance by enabling operation at reduced gas temperatures. In this second instance, the microwave energy may be used either to generate a non-equilibrium plasma or to selectively and directly heat the catalyst material.

Gas streams may be effectively processed using microwave energy in such a way as to significantly reduce processing cost and plant complexity. In the first instance, microwave energy is used to generate a self-catalytic, non-equilibrium plasma, resulting in essentially complete gas reaction at industrial scales of operation. In the second instance, microwave energy is used in combination with conventional catalyst materials to significantly enhance their performance by enabling operation at reduced gas temperatures. In this second instance, the microwave energy may be used either to generate a non-equilibrium plasma or to selectively and directly heat the catalyst material.

The present invention utilizes a high-speed intensive mixer in fluidizing type solid phase neutralization reactor to blend solid state alkali hydroxide with any humic acid sources. The final product is a dry humic acid salt. The purpose of this innovative method is to eliminate a series of complicated unit operations commonly employed by the traditional process. These removed steps may include dissolving caustic soda, mixing in a paste like formation, extrusion, granulation, drying, and grinding, etc. The new invention contributes to a simplified flowsheet, resulting in sharply reduced equipment investment, the required plant space, and labor and energy costs. All these factors coupled with increased productivity will drastically lower the overall production cost. Also the reduction of dust pollution will greatly minimize the impact in environmental protection and safety issues.

The present invention utilizes a high-speed intensive mixer in fluidizing type solid phase neutralization reactor to blend solid state alkali hydroxide with any humic acid sources. The final product is a dry humic acid salt. The purpose of this innovative method is to eliminate a series of complicated unit operations commonly employed by the traditional process. These removed steps may include dissolving caustic soda, mixing in a paste like formation, extrusion, granulation, drying, and grinding, etc. The new invention contributes to a simplified flowsheet, resulting in sharply reduced equipment investment, the required plant space, and labor and energy costs. All these factors coupled with increased productivity will drastically lower the overall production cost. Also the reduction of dust pollution will greatly minimize the impact in environmental protection and safety issues.

The electrospray device comprises a sprayer comprising a sprayer body and nozzle, and a partition positioned vertically and coaxially with the sprayer. The sprayer body is provided with a swirl generator for generating a swirling air stream, and a power supply connected between the nozzle and the partition, to apply voltage to the nozzle and the partition. The electrospray device may be part of a fluidized bed apparatus comprising a product container, a lower plenum base, an air distribution plate resided therebetween. When the power supply applies voltage in opposite polarities to the nozzle and the partition, the fluidized bed apparatus is used for coating particles; and when the power supply applies voltage of the same, the fluidized bed apparatus is used for spray-drying a solution. The electrospray device uses an electromagnetic hydrodynamic method to improve the performance of the fluidized bed apparatus and optimize the process of product.

A modified bed particles, related methods and applications in processes involving microwave-assisted catalytic reactions. The bed particles modified to be used as a microwave receptor that is capable to simultaneously sustain heat generation mechanisms under microwave irradiations and physically act as catalyst support. The bed particle comprises a dielectric coating deposited on an external surface of a core, the bed particle being sized for use in a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor. The bed particles may further comprise a catalytically active material supported on a surface of the dielectric coating. Irradiating the gas-solid reactor with microwaves enables heating the dielectric coating of the solid bed particles, the dielectric coating locally transferring thermal energy to the surrounding gaseous reactants which are thereby selectively converted into the primary products.

A modified bed particles, related methods and applications in processes involving microwave-assisted catalytic reactions. The bed particles modified to be used as a microwave receptor that is capable to simultaneously sustain heat generation mechanisms under microwave irradiations and physically act as catalyst support. The bed particle comprises a dielectric coating deposited on an external surface of a core, the bed particle being sized for use in a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor. The bed particles may further comprise a catalytically active material supported on a surface of the dielectric coating. Irradiating the gas-solid reactor with microwaves enables heating the dielectric coating of the solid bed particles, the dielectric coating locally transferring thermal energy to the surrounding gaseous reactants which are thereby selectively converted into the primary products.

Systems and methods for detecting and controlling bed height in fluidized bed reactors are disclosed. The systems and methods employ a plurality of radiation sources and a detector array located along the outer surface of a fluidized bed reactor.

Systems and methods for detecting and controlling bed height in fluidized bed reactors are disclosed. The systems and methods employ a plurality of radiation sources and a detector array located along the outer surface of a fluidized bed reactor.

A preparation method of a polyurethane resin including the following steps is provided. A liquid polyamine compound is placed in a continuous reaction system, and the liquid polyamine compound is circulated in the continuous reaction system. A solid bis(cyclic carbonate) and a solid catalyst are placed in the continuous reaction system to mix the solid bis(cyclic carbonate), solid catalyst, and liquid polyamine compound to form a heterogeneous mixture. The heterogeneous mixture is heated in the continuous reaction system in a microwave manner, such that the heterogeneous mixture reacts to form a polyurethane resin.