A system and a method for converting Natural Gas (NG) to high energy transportable liquid (such as gasoline) are disclosed. A semiconductor UV-source is used for initiate a photo lytic reaction between methane molecules and photons having energy equal or bigger than the energy of dissociation of the C—H bond in methane. The formed radicles are further react to produce higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, while hydrogen gas is separates from the reaction mixture in order to avoid reverse reactions.

Metallic nanorods are welded together in a controllable fashion. A suspension of metallic nanorods coated with an anionic polymer is contracted with linking molecules each comprising a liquid crystal with at least two available carboxylic acid moieties. The nanoparticles to self-assemble into dimers. Irradiation of the dimers with femtosecond radiation forms a metallic junction between them and welds the dimers into fused dimers.

Devices and methods for reducing the specific energy required to reform or pyrolyze reactants in plasmas operating at high flow rates and high pressures are presented. These systems and methods include 1) introducing electrons and/or easily ionized materials to a plasma reactor, 2) increasing turbulence and swirl velocity of the flows of feed gases to have improved mixing in a plasma reactor, and 3) reducing slippage from a plasma reactor system. Such plasma systems may allow plasma reactors to operate at lower temperatures, higher pressure, with improved plasma ignition, increased throughput and improved energy efficiency. In preferred embodiments, the plasma reactors are used to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon, or carbon monoxide through reforming and pyrolysis reactions. Preferred feedstocks include methane, carbon dioxide, and other hydrocarbons.

The present disclosure describes radiation-assisted, substrate-free, and solution-based nanostructure (e.g., a nanotube and/or a nanowire (NW)) growth processes. The processes use the high absorption coefficient and high density of free charge carriers in particle seeds (e.g., nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and/or metal nanocrystals) to photothermally drive semiconductor nanostructure growth. The processes can be performed at atmospheric pressure, without specialized equipment such as specialized heating equipment and/or high-pressure reaction vessels.

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll the substrate; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to the substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.

An apparatus for preparing graphene by means of laser irradiation in liquid, comprising a laser generating system, and further comprising a computer control system, a cleaning and drying system, and a workpiece auxiliary system. The light spot diameter of the laser emitted from a pulse laser unit (26) is increased by means of a beam expander (24), and the laser is reflected and split by a beam splitter to form two laser beams; a first laser beam (19) shocks the right vertical plane of a graphite solid target (18) by means of a focusing lens, and a second laser beam (17) shocks the left vertical plane of the graphite solid target (18) by means of the focusing lens, so as to grow graphene on a copper foil (5) substrate.

Systems and methods are provided for sending serialized data for an interactive message comprising a first session data item to a second computing device to render the interactive message using the first session data item and display the rendered interactive message comprising a first media content item associated with a first interactive object and receiving, from the second computing device, a second media content item associated with a second interactive object of the interactive message. The systems and methods further provided for generating a second session data item for the second interactive object of the interactive message, adding the second session data item to the serialized data, and sending the serialized data to a third computing device to render the interactive message using the serialized data and display the rendered interactive message comprising the first media content item and the second media content item.

Provided is a continuous synthesis method for 1,1′-bicyclic[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diethyl ketone compounds. The continuous synthesis method comprises: under the irradiation of a light source, continuously conveying raw material A and raw material B to a continuous reaction device for a continuous photochemical reaction to obtain 1,1′-bicyclic[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diethyl ketone compounds, and controlling the reaction temperature in the continuous reaction device by a temperature control device during the continuous photochemical reaction. A propellane with substituents, as a reaction raw material, is subjected to the above photochemical reaction in the continuous reaction device to reduce the probability of its slow decomposition and deterioration under the irradiation, and greatly improve the conversion rate of the reaction material and product yield.

A colored sapphire material and methods for coloring sapphire material using lasers are disclosed. The method for coloring the sapphire material may include positioning the sapphire material over an opaque substrate material, exposing the opaque substrate material to a laser beam passing through the sapphire material to impact the substrate material, and inducing a chemical change in a portion of the sapphire material exposed to the laser beam. The method may also include creating a visible color in the portion of the sapphire material as a result of the chemical change. The colored sapphire material may include a first transparent portion, and a second, colored portion substantially surrounded by the first portion. The second, colored portion may have a chemical composition different than that of the first portion.

Provided is a method for preparing a graphene material from an industrial hemp material by laser induction, which uses a skin, a stem and/or a root of industrial hemp as a carbon precursor-containing material and reduce the carbon precursor-containing material into graphene by laser induction, so as to prepare graphene, graphene quantum dots, a graphene mesoporous material and a graphene composite material.