The present invention provides a continuous polymerization apparatus capable of simply and efficiently separating a polymer and solid matter from a reaction mixture while having an apparatus configuration conducive to washing and maintenance, and a continuous production method for a polymer. A continuous polymerization apparatus (100) includes a plurality of reaction vessels (1a to 1c), wherein the plurality of reaction vessels are configured such that reaction mixtures (9a to 9c) successively move through each reaction vessel; in the plurality of reaction vessels, gas phase parts formed above the reaction mixture communicate with one another; and the continuous polymerization apparatus includes a washing part (5), the washing part configured to separate a solid included in the reaction mixture by sedimentation and to perform countercurrent washing.

A flow reactor system and methods having tubing useful as polymerization chamber. The flow reactor has at least one inlet and at least one mixing chamber, and an outlet. The method includes providing two phases, an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase and forming an emulsion for introduction into the flow reactor.

Provided herein are high throughput continuous or semi-continuous reactors and processes for manufacturing graphenic materials, such as graphene. Such processes are suitable for manufacturing graphenic materials at rates that are up to hundreds of times faster than conventional techniques, and have little batch-to-batch variation. Also provided herein are graphenic compositions of matter, including large, high quality and/or highly uniform graphene.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method and system for upgrading heavy hydrocarbons. A heavy hydrocarbon feed and a non-saline water feed are introduced to a first stage reactor. The first stage reactor is operated under supercritical water conditions to produce an effluent stream. The effluent stream and a saline water feed are combined to produce a mixed stream, where the saline water feed includes an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound. The mixed stream is introduced to a second stage reactor. The second stage reactor is operated under supercritical water conditions to produce a product stream including upgrading hydrocarbons. The second stage reactor is operated at a temperature less than that of the first stage reactor.

Methods of controlling olefin polymerization reactor systems may include a) selecting n input variables, each input variable corresponding to a process condition for an olefin polymerization process; b) identifying m response variables corresponding to a measurable polymer property; c) adjusting one of more of the n input variables using the olefin polymerization reactor system and measuring each of the m response variables as a function of the input variables for olefin polymers; d) analyzing the change in each of the response variables as a function of the input variables to determine coefficients; e) calculating a Response Surface Model (RSM) for each response variable determined in step d); f) applying n selected input variables to the calculated RSM to predict one or more of m target response variables; and g) using the n selected input variables to operate the olefin polymerization reactor system and provide a polyolefin product.

The present invention relates to the field of gas/liquid reactors permitting the oligomerization of olefins to give linear olefins by homogeneous catalysis, comprising a reaction chamber and vertical internal means of compartmentalization.

A system for production of hydrogen includes a steam methane reformer (SMR) including an outer tube, wherein a first end of the outer tube is closed; and an inner tube disposed in the outer tube, wherein a first end of the inner tube is open. An SMR flow channel is defined within the inner tube and an annular space is defined between the outer tube and the inner tube. The flow channel is in fluid communication with the annular space. The SMR includes a foam disposed in the annular space. The system includes a water gas shift reactor comprising a reaction tube, wherein a reaction channel is defined within the reaction tube, and wherein the reaction channel is in fluid communication with the SMR flow channel; a heat transfer material disposed in the reaction channel; and a catalyst disposed in the reaction channel.

A method for producing hydrogen includes flowing a first gas along a bayonet flow path of a steam methane reformer (SMR) to produce a first product, including flowing the first gas through a foam disposed along the bayonet flow path; providing the first product produced in the SMR to an input of a water gas shift (WGS) reaction channel defined within a reaction tube of a WGS reactor; and flowing a second gas including the first product through the WGS reaction channel to produce a second product. Flowing the second gas includes flowing the second gas across a heat transfer material disposed in the WGS reaction channel to reduce the temperature of the flowing second gas; and flowing the second gas across a WGS catalyst disposed in the reaction channel.

A peptide synthesis instrument can be used for small scale peptide synthesis. The instrument can include several unique features, including a compression style reaction vessel permitting quick setup of the reaction vessel, a double reaction vessel system permitting efficient mixing without loss of solvent or solvent-to-resin contact, gravity-fed heated reservoirs establishing a fixed volume for delivery to the reaction vessel, fume-free solvent addition permitting solvent addition to fixed bottles, and an improved amino acid manifold assembly which reduces the number of components and increases the ease of use of the instrument. Each of these features improve upon the current state of the art in solid phase automated peptide synthesizers.

The present invention relates to the field of renewable energy. More specifically, the present invention relates to the production of biofuel from biomass including, for example, polymeric materials.