Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a zeolite-like metal-organic framework composition comprising a metal-organic framework composition with ana topology characterized by the formula [M.sup.III(4, 5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid).sub.2X(solvent).sub.a].sub.n wherein M.sup.III comprises a trivalent cation of a rare earth element, X comprises an alkali metal element or alkaline earth metal element, and solvent comprises a guest molecule occupying pores. Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a method of separating paraffins comprising contacting a zeolite-like metal-organic framework with ana topology with a flow of paraffins, and separating the paraffins by size.

A system and method for reducing pollutants in garbage leachate is disclosed. The system comprises multiple modules such as a screening module, a pH adjustment and mixing module, a separator module and a disinfection module operationally connected to each other. The screening module is configured to filter the leachate and the pH adjustment and mixing module is configured to adjust the pH of the filtered leachate to a predefined value. The leachate is mixed with a chemical or metal oxide composition, and the pollutants in the leachate are adsorbed by the chemical composition to provide a purified leachate. The separator module is configured to separate the adsorbed pollutant from the purified leachate. The disinfection module is configured to filter and disinfect the purified leachate to produce purified water. The method implemented using this system for reducing pollutants in a leachate is efficient and economical.

A Biorefinery System (BIOSYS) that effectively treats all human activity-derived waste (black water, grey water, and food waste streams) using biological systems and that produces as process by-products: recovered potable water, liberated free oxygen, edible protein cake (with and without lipids), soil amendments, and machinery lube oils. Additionally, the system captures and chemically binds carbon dioxide into microbial cells and associated by-products, thus producing recovered usable returned cabin air.

Some embodiments advantageously provide nutrient-binding compositions that include ingredients that have a synergistic effect such that the nutrient-binding composition is capable of removing more nutrients that the individual ingredients added together. In one embodiment, a nutrient-binding composition comprises: a first amount of a nutrient-binding ingredient; and a second amount of a biogenic additive, the first amount being greater than or equal to the second amount. In one aspect of the embodiment, the nutrient-binding composition has a greater nutrient removal capacity from a volume of water than an additive nutrient removal capacity of the first amount of nutrient-binding ingredient and the second amount of biogenic added together.

The present disclosure relates to a substrate containing passive NO.sub.x adsorption (PNA) materials for treatment of gases, and washcoats for use in preparing such a substrate. Also provided are methods of preparation of the PNA materials, as well as methods of preparation of the substrate containing the PNA materials. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a coated substrate containing PNA materials for PNA systems, useful in the treatment of exhaust gases. Also disclosed are exhaust treatment systems, and vehicles, such as diesel or gasoline vehicles, particularly light-duty diesel or gasoline vehicles, using catalytic converters and exhaust treatment systems using the coated substrates.

Methods for removing a target anion entity, such as a phosphate ion, from fluids by treating the fluid with a substrate containing an immobilized rare earth, the substrate being either a first loaded substrate including a first immobilized cationic rare earth, the first loaded substrate being formed by precipitating a rare earth in a clay such that the rare earth is fixed inside a porous structure of the clay and/or fixed on the surface of the clay; or a second loaded substrate comprising a second immobilized cationic rare earth that is bonded to the second loaded substrate via a chelating ligand.

The present invention relates to an embedded product suitable for the transportation, storage and/or handling of lanthanides, or actinides, or compounds thereof. The invention further relates to methods for the manufacturing of the embedded product and to methods for the determination of the concentration of at least one analyte comprised in a sample.

A method for preparing a nano carbon dioxide agent and an application of the agent are disclosed. The method takes cationic surfactant modified bentonite as a carrier, and the CO.sub.2 nano agent prepared by loading cationic surfactant modified chitosan, graphene oxide and organic alkali modified hydrotalcite has the photocatalytic effect of nano materials, which can enhance photosynthesis, increase photosynthetic rate, inhibit light respiration at night, synthesize chlorophyll for crop growth, accumulate three essential elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen for crop growth, effectively absorb, synthesize and transform organic components such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, fully promote the gestation, growth and maturity of crops, and increases production and income. The CO.sub.2 capture agent of the disclosure can be used for both facility crops and field crops, and the CO2 capture agent under normal temperature and pressure has wide application.

The present disclosure relates to a substrate containing passive NO.sub.x adsorption (PNA) materials for treatment of gases, and washcoats for use in preparing such a substrate. Also provided are methods of preparation of the PNA materials, as well as methods of preparation of the substrate containing the PNA materials. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a coated substrate containing PNA materials for PNA systems, useful in the treatment of exhaust gases. Also disclosed are exhaust treatment systems, and vehicles, such as diesel or gasoline vehicles, particularly light-duty diesel or gasoline vehicles, using catalytic converters and exhaust treatment systems using the coated substrates.

Systems and methods for treating a fluid with a body are disclosed. Various aspects involve treating a fluid with a porous body. In select embodiments, a body comprises ash particles, and the ash particles used to form the body may be selected based on their providing one or more desired properties for a given treatment. Various bodies provide for the reaction and/or removal of a substance in a fluid, often using a porous body comprised of ash particles. Computer-operable methods for matching a source material to an application are disclosed. Certain aspects feature a porous body comprised of ash particles, the ash particles have a particle size distribution and interparticle connectivity that creates a plurality of pores having a pore size distribution and pore connectivity, and the pore size distribution and pore connectivity are such that a first fluid may substantially penetrate the pores.