The present disclosure is directed to methods for scrubbing low levels of urea from aqueous solutions such as a dialysate from dialysis, and including blood and blood products, and devices capable of employing these methods.

The invention relates to a sorbent for removing metabolic waste products from a dialysis liquid, the sorbent comprising a soluble source of sodium ions. The sorbent comprises an ion exchange system which converts urea to ammonium ions and which is configured to exchange ammonium ions for predominantly hydrogen ions and to exchange Ca, Mg, and K for predominantly sodium ions. The soluble source of sodium ions overcomes an initial drop in sodium concentration in regenerated dialysate. When used in conjunction with an infusion system configured to utilise exchange of Ca, Mg and K for sodium during dialysate regeneration a desired sodium ion concentration can be maintained.

A method for obtaining .sup.225AC from .sup.225Ra having the steps of assembling a column having an inorganic stationary phase; priming the column to immobilize .sup.226Ra .sup.225Ra and natural decay products therefrom; immobilizing the .sup.226Ra, .sup.225Ra, .sup.224Ra, and natural decay products therefrom onto a stationary phase within the column; and eluting the column containing the .sup.225Ra with an aqueous sulfate solution to obtain a milking effluent that contains .sup.225AC. Also provided is a method for obtaining pure .sup.225AC from its isotope parents, the method comprising assembling a column having a stationary phase comprising an inorganic material; priming the column with the isotope parents to immobilize .sup.225Ac, and natural decay products of .sup.225AC; immobilizing the .sup.225Ac, and natural decay products therefrom onto the stationary phase within the column .sup.226Ra, .sup.225Ra, .sup.224Ra; and eluting the column containing the .sup.225AC to obtain an effluent that contains the isotope parents.

An adsorbent that includes: particles of a layered material including one or plural layers; and one or more metal atoms selected from Al, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Zn, Mn, or Cu. The one or plural layers include a layer body represented by: M.sub.mX.sub.n wherein M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, n is 1 to 4, and m is more than n and 5 or less. A modifier or terminal T exists on a surface of the layer body, T is at least one of a hydroxyl group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an oxygen atom, or a hydrogen atom, and the M of the layer body is bonded to at least one of a chlorine atom, a phosphorus atom, an iodine atom, or a sulfur atom.

Systems and methods for generating a brine solution using a salt bag for recharging zirconium phosphate in a reusable sorbent module are provided. The salt bag can be a double layer bag. An inner water permeable bag can contain solid salts and can be surrounded by an outer water impermeable bag. Water can be added to dissolve the salts in the inner bag and the resulting solution can be collected as a brine solution for use in recharging the zirconium phosphate.

A method of removing one or more antibiotics from a dairy product, the method involve passing the dairy product comprising an antibiotic in a first amount through a bulk comprising, relative to a total bulk weight, at least 75 wt. % of titanium oxide nanostructures, to provide the dairy product comprising the antibiotic in a second, lesser amount, wherein the nanostructures have lengths at least two-fold in excess of their width and height. Bulk materials useful in this or related methods or applications may have loosely tangled, noodle-like morphologies on sub-100 nm scale, and need not employ graphene and/or polymeric support networks in columns, generally having only titanium oxides without silicon or iron oxides.

The invention relates to a sorbent for removing metabolic waste products from a dialysis liquid, the sorbent comprising a soluble source of sodium ions. The sorbent comprises an ion exchange system which converts urea to ammonium ions and which is configured to exchange ammonium ions for predominantly hydrogen ions and to exchange Ca, Mg, and K for predominantly sodium ions. The soluble source of sodium ions overcomes an initial drop in sodium concentration in regenerated dialysate. When used in conjunction with an infusion system configured to utilise exchange of Ca, Mg and K for sodium during dialysate regeneration a desired sodium ion concentration can be maintained.

Provided are methods of using MXene compositions to selectively adsorb analytes such as toxic industrial chemicals, opioids, and nerve agents. Also provided are MXene compositions configured to effect selective adsorption of analytes.

Disclosed herein is a material suitable for the adsorption, storage and release of volatile organic compounds comprising: a porous thin film layer formed from nanosheets of one or more MXenes.

The present invention relates to a process of synthesis of silica-based adsorbents used in the CO.sub.2 capture process in oil fields with expressive volumes of associated CO.sub.2, aiming its subsequent use in processes of producing bioQAV and alcohol from the hydrogenation reaction. Adsorbents obtained based on silica and different metals have a high stability and activity in CO.sub.2 capture, at adsorption and desorption temperatures of 25° C., increasing the density of the silanol groups present in mesoporous silica, conducted by replacing Si in the crystal lattice with various metals. The insertion of elements in the structure is responsible for creating vacancies used to capture CO.sub.2, being characteristic of higher enthalpies involved in the process. Additionally, the exchange of silicon for metals is conducted during the hydrolysis process of the silica precursor, not requiring another step, in addition to being able to be conducted with low-cost precursors, such as chlorides, nitrates and isopropoxides, and an aqueous medium.