The present disclosure provides a purification material for a rare earth metal or rare earth alloy and a preparation method thereof and a purification method for a rare earth metal or rare earth alloy. The purification material includes the following raw materials in mass percentage: 30% to 45% of a tungsten powder, 30% to 50% of a rare earth oxide, 5% to 10% of zirconia, 10% to 15% of a binder, and 1% to 5% of a rare earth hydride.

The invention relates to a method for preparing amorphous molybdenum oxide adsorption material and an application thereof. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of low recovery efficiency of silver ions in coexisting silver-containing wastewater in the prior art. The method of the present invention includes:1) preparation of electrolyte; and 2) subjecting to cyclic voltammetry. The amorphous molybdenum oxide adsorption material prepared by the present invention is used as an adsorbent for adsorbing and reducing silver ions in wastewater. The invention successfully prepares amorphous molybdenum oxide (MoOx) by cyclic voltammetry, which has a highly selective reduction adsorption for Ag.sup.+. Silver ions and the adsorbent MoOx could be subjected to redox reaction to remove silver ions in water. The removal efficiency of the silver ions in wastewater by the amorphous molybdenum oxide prepared by cyclic voltammetry of the invention is up to 99.85%.

A selective metamaterial absorber and method for fabricating the same is disclosed. The method includes deposing a first metal layer on a first surface of a substrate and on a plurality of nanowires extending outward from the first surface of the substrate, the plurality of nanowires forming an array on the first surface, the substrate further including a second surface opposite the first surface. The first metal layer may be deposed using conformally sputtering. The substrate and the plurality of nanowires may be composed of silicon, and the first metal layer may be composed of tungsten. The first metal layer may be composed of a material having a penetration depth for a wavelength range of interest. The first metal layer may be at least three times thicker than the penetration depth.

A porous material including alumina, the alumina including alpha-alumina, the porous material including one or more metals selected from Co, Mo, Ni, W and combinations thereof, and the porous material having a BET-surface area of 1-110 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.50-0.80 ml/g, as measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry, and a pore size distribution (PSD) with at least 30 vol% of the total pore volume being in pores with a radius ≥ 400 Å, suitably pores with a radius ≥ 500 Å, A process for removing impurities such as phosphorous (P) from a feedstock by contacting the feedstock with a guard bed including the above porous material. A guard bed for a hydrotreatment system including the porous material, a hydrotreatment system including a guard bed which includes the porous material and a downstream hydrotreatment section including at least one hydrotreatment catalyst.

The present disclosure is directed to methods for scrubbing low levels of urea from aqueous solutions such as a dialysate from dialysis, and including blood and blood products, and devices capable of employing these methods.

Disclosed are a transition metal-doped carbon microsphere, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The transition metal-doped carbon sphere has a uniform solid porous structure, and the transition metal is uniformly distributed inside the carbon sphere. The preparation method comprises that a carbon microsphere uniformly doped with manganese, vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten is prepared by means of a one-step hydrothermal method, is mixed with potassium oxalate, and is roasted in a protective atmosphere to obtain an activated metal-doped carbon sphere. The doped transition metal elements remain uniformly dispersed after being roasted, and do not agglomerate. The transition metal-doped carbon microsphere obtained has the following characteristics: it exhibits good adsorption properties for heavy metal ions Cr(VI), with the maximum adsorption amount being 660.7 mg/g; it can achieve advanced removal of Cr(VI) from the wastewater of which the initial Cr(VI) concentration is lower than 200 mg/L, with the residual Cr(VI) concentration after adsorption being lower than 0.05 mg/L; and it shows good application prospect in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal.

Provided are methods of using MXene compositions to selectively adsorb analytes such as toxic industrial chemicals, opioids, and nerve agents. Also provided are MXene compositions configured to effect selective adsorption of analytes.

Processes, compositions, and sensors for sensing a variety of toxic chemicals based on colorimetric changes. Exemplary process for sensing a toxic chemical includes contacting a toxic chemical, or byproduct thereof, with a sorbent that includes a porous metal hydroxide or a porous mixed-metal oxide/hydroxide and a transition metal reactant suitable to react with a toxic chemical or byproduct thereof. The sorbent is contacted with the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof for a sampling time. A difference between a post-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent and a pre-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent is determined to thereby detect exposure to, or the presence of, the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof.

Processes, compositions, and sensors for sensing a variety of toxic chemicals based on colorimetric changes. Exemplary process for sensing a toxic chemical includes contacting a toxic chemical, or byproduct thereof, with a sorbent that includes a porous metal hydroxide or a porous mixed-metal oxide/hydroxide and a transition metal reactant suitable to react with a toxic chemical or byproduct thereof. The sorbent is contacted with the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof for a sampling time. A difference between a post-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent and a pre-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent is determined to thereby detect exposure to, or the presence of, the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof.

Ion separation media are described herein employing thermoelectric materials and architectures. In some embodiments, an ion separation medium comprises a layer of inorganic nanoparticles having a Seebeck coefficient sufficient to transport ionic species in a liquid medium along surfaces of the layer in the presence of a thermal gradient.