Disclosed herein are processes for treating high-P fluid involving (1) providing a high-P containing stream; (2) chemically treating the high-P stream such that a majority of dissolved P in the stream is transformed into a solid form via sorption of P onto particles placed or precipitated within the stream; and (3) removing the solid form containing P from the chemically treated fine solids stream, such that >about 90% of the total P is removed from the high-P fluid. Also disclosed are systems for treating a high-P stream, the systems involving (1) a chemical treatment station operable to chemically treat and transform equal to or greater than about 90% of dissolved P in a high-P stream into a solid form; and (2) a liquid-solid separator station operable to remove the solid form containing P from the chemically treated high-P stream.

The present invention relates to the use of adsorbents comprising zinc oxide nanowires decorated with catalytically active metal particles for the removal of sulfur from hydrocarbon feedstocks, including the desulfurization of diesel fuels and the deep desulfurization of natural gas, and to the use of decorated zinc oxide nanowire adsorbents for the hydrogenation of naphthalene selectively to tetralin in the presence of sulfur compounds. The adsorbent comprises nickel metal particles or nickel-zinc alloy particles deposited on zinc oxide nanowires.

Oxygen carriers for chemical looping and scalable methods of preparation thereof. Wet impregnation of active metal precursors into porous substrates, together with selective adsorption of the precursors on the pore surfaces, enables transition metal oxides derived from the precursors to disperse throughout the substrate, even at the nanoscale, without increased sintering or agglomeration. The porous substrate can be an oxide, for example SiO.sub.2. The oxygen carriers can comprise relatively large oxide loadings of over about 20 wt % and exhibit high reactivity over many regeneration cycles with substantially no loss in oxygen transport capacity or decrease in kinetics. The use of multiple transition metals, for example NiO in addition to CuO, can greatly enhance chemical looping performance.

A material for separating and pumping oxygen is disclosed. The material is a zeolite doped with a chemical element having an electron density of between 30 kJ/mol and 150 kJ/mol. The material is configured for controllable oxygen desorption between 150° C. and 300° C. and pumping the released oxygen into an area having an ambient pressure of less than 100 pascals.

There is provided an absorbent for decreasing the leakage of halogen compound gases in subsequent processes, at high temperatures and in the presence of high concentrations of water vapor in the process of heating and gasifying a fuel, such as coal, to produce a synthesis gas.

The adsorbent includes a halogen compound absorbent containing 30 to 90% by mass of a basic calcium compound and 10 to 70% by mass of a metal compound other than basic calcium compounds and/or of a clay mineral. A method for producing synthesis gas using the absorbent is also disclosed.

A material for moisture removal and/or water harvesting from air may include a hydrophilic material containing micropores and a low water activity material confined within the micropores of the hydrophilic material. Apparatuses containing such materials and methods for moisture removal and/or water harvesting from air by using such materials are also described.

The present invention is directed to a method of removing uranium from a uranium containing aqueous medium. The method comprises a step of contacting the medium with magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The nanoparticles comprise mesoporous silica and iron oxide. The nanoparticles may also comprise a functionalized surface obtained by grafting or covalently bonding a functional molecule to the nanoparticle.

A stationary phase for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) devices is based on nickel and titanium alloy nuclei and a metal-organic framework (MOF) exterior, which may be used for chromatographic analysis in environmental, food, etc. applications. The method of preparation of the stationary phases includes a number of steps which provide a covalent adhesion of the MOF to the nickel/titanium alloy. In these stationary phases, the metal-organic framework is the only component that comes into contact with the sample to be analysed. The interior of the stationary phase is executed in nitinol and endows the system with thermal and mechanical stability this being the first time that it is used to support a metal-organic framework, and presenting extractive advantages in comparison with commercial SPME stationary phases.

A system containing a reactor vessel including zero valent iron media, a source of a conditioning additive, a source of a reaction additive, and a process control subsystem is disclosed. A method for reducing a concentration of one or more contaminants in contaminated water including contacting zero valent iron media with a conditioning additive, contacting contaminated water with conditioned zero valent iron media, and introducing a reaction additive is also disclosed. The conditioning additive and reaction additive may each contain an aluminum salt.

NO.sub.x abatement compositions include cobalt oxide (Co.sub.3O.sub.4) doped with cerium, and have an overall formula Co.sub.3-xCe.sub.-O.sub.4, with cerium occupying tetrahedral and/or octahedral sites in the spinel structure. The NO.sub.x abatement compositions possess NO.sub.x storage and NO.sub.x direct decomposition activity. Dual stage NO.sub.x abatement devices include an upstream portion having the NO.sub.x abatement composition to adsorb and store NO.sub.x at low temperature, and then release the NO.sub.x at higher temperature to a downstream catalytic conversion portion.