A xenon capture system that reduces the concentration of xenon in a carrier gas is disclosed. An example xenon capture system includes a carrier gas with a first concentration of xenon that flows through an intake into a chamber. Within the chamber is a reaction area that has at least one peripheral sidewall. The reaction area operates at a predetermined temperature, flow rate, and low pressure. Within the reaction area is at least one xenon capture mechanism that is at least partially formed of a transition metal. When the carrier gas is exposed to the xenon capture mechanism, the xenon capture mechanism adsorbs xenon from the carrier gas. The carrier gas, with a second concentration of xenon, exits the chamber through the exhaust outlet.

Methods and apparatus for improving the loading ratio of a hydrogen gas in a transition metal are disclosed. Blocking desorption sites on the surface of a metallic structure increases the partial hydrogen/deuterium pressure when the absorption and desorption processes reach an equilibrium. The higher the number of desorption sites that are blocked, the higher the equilibrium pressure can be reached for attaining a higher hydrogen loading ratio. Moreover, since hydrogen desorption occurs at grain boundaries, reducing grain boundaries is conducive to reducing the hydrogen desorption rate. Methods and apparatus for increasing grain sizes to reduce grain boundaries are also disclosed.

Disclosed herein are processes for treating high-P fluid involving (1) providing a high-P containing stream; (2) chemically treating the high-P stream such that a majority of dissolved P in the stream is transformed into a solid form via sorption of P onto particles placed or precipitated within the stream; and (3) removing the solid form containing P from the chemically treated fine solids stream, such that > about 90% of the total P is removed from the high-P fluid. Also disclosed are systems for treating a high-P stream, the systems involving (1) a chemical treatment station operable to chemically treat and transform equal to or greater than about 90% of dissolved P in a high-P stream into a solid form; and (2) a liquid-solid separator station operable to remove the solid form containing P from the chemically treated high-P stream.

The method according to this disclosure is a method for separating an unsaturated hydrocarbon having 2 or 3 carbon atoms and a halogenated unsaturated carbon compound formed by replacing at least one of hydrogen atoms included in the unsaturated hydrocarbon with a fluorine atom, from each other and is a method for selectively adsorbing either the unsaturated hydrocarbon or the halogenated unsaturated carbon compound by a porous coordination polymer that includes a metallic ion having a valence of 2 to 4 and an aromatic anion having 1 to 6 aromatic ring(s).

The present invention relates to the use of adsorbents comprising zinc oxide nanowires decorated with catalytically active metal particles for the removal of sulfur from hydrocarbon feedstocks, including the desulfurization of diesel fuels and the deep desulfurization of natural gas, and to the use of decorated zinc oxide nanowire adsorbents for the hydrogenation of naphthalene selectively to tetralin in the presence of sulfur compounds. The adsorbent comprises nickel metal particles or nickel-zinc alloy particles deposited on zinc oxide nanowires.

A NO.sub.x adsorber catalyst and its use in an emission treatment system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The NO.sub.x adsorber catalyst comprises a first layer consisting essentially of a support material, one or more platinum group metals disposed on the support material, and a NO.sub.x storage material.

A short channel ordered mesoporous carbon loaded indium cobalt sulfide and indium nickel sulfide ternary composite photocatalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. The short channel ordered mesoporous carbon loaded indium cobalt sulfide and indium nickel sulfide ternary composite photocatalyst is prepared by mixing pretreated short channel mesoporous carbon with cobalt salt, nickel salt, indium salt and reducing agent with a hydrothermal reaction. The short channel ordered mesoporous carbon is obtained by calcining a short channel ordered mesoporous silica and a carbon source under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the short channel ordered mesoporous silica is prepared by carrying out reactions of sol-gel-hydrothermal-calcination sequentially using a mixture of a surfactant, a hydrochloric acid solution, ammonium fluoride and tetraethyl orthosilicate. The photocatalyst has strong adsorption and visible light catalytic activity on VOCs, and can effectively adsorb and decompose the enriched VOCs in situ on the surface of the catalyst.

The method according to this disclosure is a method for separating an unsaturated hydrocarbon having 2 or 3 carbon atoms and a halogenated unsaturated carbon compound formed by replacing at least one of hydrogen atoms included in the unsaturated hydrocarbon with a fluorine atom, from each other and is a method for selectively adsorbing either the unsaturated hydrocarbon or the halogenated unsaturated carbon compound by a porous coordination polymer that includes a metallic ion having a valence of 2 to 4 and an aromatic anion having 1 to 6 aromatic ring(s).

A passive NO.sub.X adsorbent includes: palladium, platinum or a mixture thereof and a mixed or composite oxide including the following elements in percentage by weight, expressed in terms of oxide: 10-90% by weight zirconium and 0.1-50% by weight of least one of the following: a transition metal or a lanthanide series element other than Ce. Although the passive NO.sub.X adsorbent can include Ce in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight expressed in terms of oxide, advantages are obtained particularly in the case of low-Ce or a substantially Ce-free passive NOx adsorbent.

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt % carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.