The present invention relates to a radionuclide adsorbent, which includes a hollow space (specifically, an area which is entirely empty or in which transition metal oxide particles are present); and a transition metal-ferrocyanide shell (specifically, a transition metal-ferrocyanide shell having a structure in which a plurality of two-dimensional nano flakes overlap or a transition metal-ferrocyanide shell having a structure in which a plurality of three-dimensional nano polyhedrons agglomerate) formed on the space surface, a preparation method thereof, and a method of removing a radionuclide using the same.

A method for removing arsenic from a liquid includes adding a two-dimensional metal carbide adsorbent to the liquid to adsorb the arsenic from the liquid. The two-dimensional metal carbide adsorbent can include at least one MXene, having the formula M.sub.n+1X.sub.n, where n=1, 2 or 3, where M is an early transition metal, such as scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo) or the like, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The MXene may be Ti.sub.3C.sub.2.

Disclosed herein are particulate sorbents, such as sorbents that can be used for mercury removal applications. The absorbent can comprise at least one ammonium phosphate and at least one activated carbon selected from unhalogenated activated carbon and halogenated activated carbon, wherein the halogenated activated carbon contains at least one halogen impregnant on its surface. Also disclosed are methods of making sorbents, and methods of mercury removal, e.g., from flue gas generated by coal combustion.

Methods and devices for powdered sorbent regeneration of biologic fluids are disclosed. The present invention includes three novel methods, which may be used singly or in any combination, for constraining or immobilizing powders so that they can be perfused with a biological fluid or dialysate: a porous carbon block filter, a filtration bed of very fine powder, and a cone-shaped reactor.

Methods for synthesizing macroscale 3D heteroatom-doped carbon nanotube materials (such as boron doped carbon nanotube materials) and compositions thereof. Macroscopic quantities of three-dimensionally networked heteroatom-doped carbon nanotube materials are directly grown using an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. The porous heteroatom-doped carbon nanotube material is created by doping of heteroatoms (such as boron) in the nanotube lattice during growth, which influences the creation of elbow joints and branching of nanotubes leading to the three dimensional super-structure. The super-hydrophobic heteroatom-doped carbon nanotube sponge is strongly oleophilic and can soak up large quantities of organic solvents and oil. The trapped oil can be burnt off and the heteroatom-doped carbon nanotube material can be used repeatedly as an oil removal scaffold. Optionally, the heteroatom-doped carbon nanotubes in the heteroatom-doped carbon nanotube materials can be welded to form one or more macroscale 3D carbon nanotubes.

Methods and devices for powdered sorbent regeneration of biologic fluids are disclosed. The present invention includes three novel methods, which may be used singly or in any combination, for constraining or immobilizing powders so that they can be perfused with a biological fluid or dialysate: a porous carbon block filter, a filtration bed of very fine powder, and a cone-shaped reactor.

A method for producing a porous boron nitride material. The method comprises providing a mixture comprising a first nitrogen-containing organic compound, a second nitrogen-containing organic compound and a boron-containing compound. The method further comprises heating the mixture to cause thermal degradation of the mixture and form a porous boron nitride material.

An exhaust gas purifying composition of the present invention contains zeolite that is BEA zeolite having an SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 molar ratio of greater than 25 and 600 or less and containing phosphorus. Furthermore, the exhaust gas purifying composition preferably contains zirconium in addition to phosphorus. Furthermore, the zeolite has an SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 molar ratio of from 30 to 150. The present invention provides an exhaust gas purifying composition having excellent HC adsorbability for exhaust gas purification in internal combustion engines such as gasoline engines.

Certain embodiments of the invention are directed to nitrogen rich two dimensional hexagonal C.sub.3N.sub.4.6 mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (gMCN) material formed from cyclic amino-triazole precursors, the gMCN having a rod shape morphology and an average pore diameter between 4 to 6 nm.

Carbonaceous material that is activated to form precursor activated carbon is further enhanced by doping with copper and nitrogen and calcining. The resultant sorbent material has excellent catalytic properties which are useful in the field of fluid purification.