A process for extracting fluoride from a solution of high pH comprising more than 0.1 mol of alkaline hydroxide and/or alcoholate per liter dissolved in a polar solvent is described. The polar solvent is chosen from water, lower alcohols, and mixtures thereof. The process is characterized in that the solution liquid is contacted with a solid phase adsorbent chosen from a) alkaline earth salts comprising carbonate anions, oxo anions, sulphate anions, or phosphate anions, and alkaline earth salts comprising a mixture of such anions or a mixture of such anions with hydroxyl anions, and b) cation binding resins loaded with one or more 3-valent cations, chosen from 3-valent cations of Al, Ga, In, Fe, Cr, Sc, Y, La and lanthanoides.

The invention relates to a porous carrier system for reducing the emission of formaldehyde in a wood-based material, which comprises a formaldehyde-binding substance A and a hydroxide-releasing substance B. The invention further relates to a method for producing the porous carrier system, the use of the porous carrier system to reduce the emission of formaldehyde in a wood-based material, a wood-based material comprising the porous carrier system, and a method for producing said wood-based material.

Compositions, systems and methods of removing ammonia from fish storage systems are presented. A chemical water conditioner comprised of sodium formaldehyde bisulfite, cornstarch, dye and alcohol was found to have a high ammonia removal efficiency in seawater. A combination of this chemical water conditioner with modified chabazite and phosphate buffer exhibited high ammonia removal efficiency in both seawater and freshwater.

An anti-spoilage packaging material is composed of a film having one or more layers; and hygroscopic material embedded within at least one of the one or more layers. The hygroscopic material have an average particle size of 25 m or less and is present in the one or more layers in amount from 1 wt. % to 20 wt. %. The packaging material maintains the equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) of packed goods between 95% and 100% and prevents spoilage of produce for a longer period than conventional packaging.

The invention relates to a noxious gas purificant and its preparation and purification method for removing nitrogen oxides from gas streams thereof. The preparing method is characterized in that: mixing, according to a predetermined ratio and a process, a salt of iron, manganese, cobalt, or copper, and a related derivative thereof, an alkali or alkaline substance and a related derivative thereof, water and a forming agent, so as to obtain a solid compound or mixture; drying and activating the solid compound or mixture to produce a solid product as the purificant; and introducing the purificant into a gas-solid reactor, and removing noxious gases in a gas stream by performing, in a preconfigured temperature and using the purificant, a gas-solid reaction on the harmful gases in the gas stream. The purificant can be recycled and reused.

A method for producing a mixed salt of sodium and aluminum includes providing a solution comprising water, sodium chloride and sulfuric acid, heating the solution to a temperature between 180 F. and 300 F. so that the sodium chloride reacts with the sulfuric acid to form sodium bisulfate and hydrochloric acid and then continue heating until the solution is essentially free of the hydrochloric acid, adding aluminum or an aluminum compound to the solution to form the mixed salt comprising a sodium aluminum sulfate compound and solidifying the mixed salt to form the sodium aluminum sulfate compound.

A method including adding to or positioning in a vehicle air conditioning system a solid form adsorbent. The solid form adsorbent includes a plurality of discrete adsorbent particles spatially bound in place by point bonding with a binder. At least about 25% of the external surface area of a majority of the particles is not sealed off by the binder and is available for adsorption.

Provided is an insolubilizing material for a specific toxic substance useful for insolubilizing a heavy metal or the like conducted by applying the insolubilizing material for a specific toxic substance to soil or on the surface of the soil. The insolubilizing material, for a specific toxic substance, is used in a manner so that soil does not reach a strongly alkaline region of a pH of 11 or more. The insolubilizing material for a specific toxic substance comprises an amorphous aluminum compound or a derivative thereof as a main component. The insolubilizing material functions as a solidifying material. The insolubilizing material also comprises gypsum obtained by adding and mixing, to the gypsum, the amorphous aluminum compound or the derivative thereof in a range from 0.5 to 60 mass parts relative to 100 mass parts of the gypsum. A method for improving soil using the insolubilizing material is also disclosed.

A moisture absorbent for a vehicle lamp includes a first inorganic material, a second inorganic material, alkali metal phosphate, and a polymer wax are included. A composite moisture absorbent structure includes a first moisture absorbent pack including a powder type moisture absorbent and a second moisture absorbent pack including a capsule type moisture absorbent are embedded.

The invention relates to a porous carrier system for reducing the emission of formaldehyde in a wood-based material, which comprises a formaldehyde-binding substance A and a hydroxide-releasing substance B. The invention further relates to a method for producing the porous carrier system, the use of the porous carrier system to reduce the emission of formaldehyde in a wood-based material, a wood-based material comprising the porous carrier system, and a method for producing said wood-based material.