Systems and processes for treating a contaminated aqueous flow which includes contaminants, such as munitions contaminants including metallic contaminants, energetic material contaminants, and/or propellant contaminants, are disclosed. The systems include an adsorption layer which includes bone char particulates, titanium dioxide particulates and/or aluminum oxide particulates which promotes adsorption of the contaminants upon contact of the contaminated stream and the adsorption layer so as to produce a treated aqueous flow, which is depleted in the munitions contaminants. Optionally, the adsorption layer can be buried in granulates particles so the contaminated aqueous water can percolate down through the earth and towards the adsorption layer, so the treated water can further percolate through the earth. The system can alternatively include more than one adsorption layer, which can be arranged in series or in parallel, in situ or ex situ.

A sparsely pillared organic-inorganic hybrid compound is provided. The sparsely pillared organic-inorganic hybrid compound includes: two inorganic material layers, each extending in one direction and facing each other; and an organic material layer disposed between the two inorganic material layers, wherein each of the inorganic material layers has a gibbsite structure in which a divalent metal cation is doped to an octahedral site, and the organic material layer includes a plurality of pillar portions, each of which is chemically bound to each of the two inorganic material layers such that the two inorganic material layers are connected to each other.

A sparsely pillared organic-inorganic hybrid compound is provided. The sparsely pillared organic-inorganic hybrid compound includes: two inorganic material layers, each extending in one direction and facing each other; and an organic material layer disposed between the two inorganic material layers, wherein each of the inorganic material layers has a gibbsite structure in which a divalent metal cation is doped to an octahedral site, and the organic material layer includes a plurality of pillar portions, each of which is chemically bound to each of the two inorganic material layers such that the two inorganic material layers are connected to each other.

The present invention relates to a phosphate adsorbing agent for blood processing comprising a porous formed article comprising an organic polymer resin and an inorganic ion adsorbent and having the most frequent pore size of 0.08 to 0.70 μm measured with a mercury porosimeter. The present invention also relates to a blood processing system and a blood processing method involving the phosphate adsorbing agent for blood processing.

The present invention relates to a phosphate adsorbing agent for blood processing comprising a porous formed article comprising an organic polymer resin and an inorganic ion adsorbent and having the most frequent pore size of 0.08 to 0.70 μm measured with a mercury porosimeter. The present invention also relates to a blood processing system and a blood processing method involving the phosphate adsorbing agent for blood processing.

A refractory filter suitable for filtering molten metal, such as steel, and a method and powdered composition for producing said filter. The filter comprises refractory material, said refractory material comprising: 60-90 wt % alumina; 8-30 wt % zirconia; and 3-20 wt % magnesia. The powdered composition comprises: 60-90 wt % alumina; 8-30 wt % zirconia; and 3-20 wt % magnesia, wherein the powdered composition comprises less than 12.5 wt % reactive alumina, calcined alumina or a mixture thereof, and wherein the remainder of the alumina is tabular alumina. The method comprises: providing a powdered composition in accordance with the invention; forming a filter precursor from the powdered composition and a liquid component; and firing the filter precursor to form a refractory filter.

A refractory filter suitable for filtering molten metal, such as steel, and a method and powdered composition for producing said filter. The filter comprises refractory material, said refractory material comprising: 60-90 wt % alumina; 8-30 wt % zirconia; and 3-20 wt % magnesia. The powdered composition comprises: 60-90 wt % alumina; 8-30 wt % zirconia; and 3-20 wt % magnesia, wherein the powdered composition comprises less than 12.5 wt % reactive alumina, calcined alumina or a mixture thereof, and wherein the remainder of the alumina is tabular alumina. The method comprises: providing a powdered composition in accordance with the invention; forming a filter precursor from the powdered composition and a liquid component; and firing the filter precursor to form a refractory filter.

A composition and process for reducing contaminants from water which includes use of a water-insoluble adsorbent having a surface area of at least about 10 m.sup.2/g, where the adsorbent is coated with a water-soluble metal salt.

A composition and process for reducing contaminants from water which includes use of a water-insoluble adsorbent having a surface area of at least about 10 m.sup.2/g, where the adsorbent is coated with a water-soluble metal salt.

An alumina grain has a single-crystal structure and has an approximate regular octahedral stereoscopic morphology. Eight sides of the alumina grain belong to the {111} family of crystal planes of γ-state alumina, and the grain size is 5-100 μm. The alumina grain is unique in crystal plane exposure and distribution, simple and feasible in preparation, and low in cost, and has higher operability, and thus has good application prospect in the field of catalysis and adsorption.