Nano-sized mixed metal oxide carriers capable of delivering a well treatment additive for a sustained or extended period of time in the environment of use, methods of making the nanoparticles, and uses thereof are described herein. The nanoparticles can have a formula of:
A/[M.sub.x.sup.1M.sub.y.sup.2M.sub.z.sup.3]O.sub.nH.sub.m
where x is 0.03 to 3, y is 0.01 to 0.4, z is 0.01 to 0.4 and n and m are determined by the oxidation states of the other elements, and M.sup.1 can be aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), or thallium (Tl). M.sup.2 and M.sup.3 are not the same and can be a Column 2 metal, Column 14 metal, or a transition metal. A is can be a treatment additive.

Nano-sized mixed metal oxide carriers capable of delivering a well treatment additive for a sustained or extended period of time in the environment of use, methods of making the nanoparticles, and uses thereof are described herein. The nanoparticles can have a formula of:
A/[M.sub.x.sup.1M.sub.y.sup.2M.sub.z.sup.3]O.sub.nH.sub.m
where x is 0.03 to 3, y is 0.01 to 0.4, z is 0.01 to 0.4 and n and m are determined by the oxidation states of the other elements, and M.sup.1 can be aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), or thallium (Tl). M.sup.2 and M.sup.3 are not the same and can be a Column 2 metal, Column 14 metal, or a transition metal. A is can be a treatment additive.

A cartridge comprising layers of adsorbent sheet is described. The cartridge includes an indicator that characterizes the consumption state of the adsorbent within the cartridge. The indicator is applied in a way such that discrete areas of indicator are visible. These discontinuous areas of indicator may be applied to the outside surface of the cartridge. Alternatively, the discontinuous areas may be formed by cutting windows in the outermost layer of the cartridge and either coating indicator on the layer beneath the window, placing an indicator layer between the window and the layer beneath it or filling the window with an indicating plug of material so that the indicator is visible from the outside of the cartridge. The indicator layer and indicator plug embodiments allow the use of any indicator with any adsorbent.

A cartridge comprising layers of adsorbent sheet is described. The cartridge includes an indicator that characterizes the consumption state of the adsorbent within the cartridge. The indicator is applied in a way such that discrete areas of indicator are visible. These discontinuous areas of indicator may be applied to the outside surface of the cartridge. Alternatively, the discontinuous areas may be formed by cutting windows in the outermost layer of the cartridge and either coating indicator on the layer beneath the window, placing an indicator layer between the window and the layer beneath it or filling the window with an indicating plug of material so that the indicator is visible from the outside of the cartridge. The indicator layer and indicator plug embodiments allow the use of any indicator with any adsorbent.

The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide adsorbent based on a hydrophobic silane-coated amine-functionalized MOF/alumina composite and, more specifically, to a carbon dioxide adsorbent based on a hydrophobic silane-coated amine-functionalized MOF/alumina composite, capable of maintaining structural stability by means of the moisture present in exhaust gas, and thus can effectively capture carbon dioxide in a real fluidized bed. According to the present invention, provided are a carbon dioxide adsorbent and a preparation method therefor, the carbon dioxide adsorbent being capable of maintaining structural stability by means of the moisture present in exhaust gas since the surface of a porous metal-organic framework/alumina oxide composite is coated with hydrophobic silane.

The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide adsorbent based on a hydrophobic silane-coated amine-functionalized MOF/alumina composite and, more specifically, to a carbon dioxide adsorbent based on a hydrophobic silane-coated amine-functionalized MOF/alumina composite, capable of maintaining structural stability by means of the moisture present in exhaust gas, and thus can effectively capture carbon dioxide in a real fluidized bed. According to the present invention, provided are a carbon dioxide adsorbent and a preparation method therefor, the carbon dioxide adsorbent being capable of maintaining structural stability by means of the moisture present in exhaust gas since the surface of a porous metal-organic framework/alumina oxide composite is coated with hydrophobic silane.

Many embodiments described herein prevent an aged spirit from degrading due to the oxygen trapped in the headspace without the use of a pump. The aged spirit preservation system may have a cork with an open top, an open bottom, and a channel extending from the open top to the open bottom. The cork may be sized couple to an internal portion of a bottle. The system may even include a sealing device coupled to an outer portion of the cork between the open top and the open bottom. Additionally, the system may include a replaceable cartridge containing an adsorbent media, iron, a salt, and a color-changing indicator. Oxygen from the bottle may be allowed to enter the cartridge and react with the iron via a non-reversible reaction, thereby preventing the degradation of the spirit.

Many embodiments described herein prevent an aged spirit from degrading due to the oxygen trapped in the headspace without the use of a pump. The aged spirit preservation system may have a cork with an open top, an open bottom, and a channel extending from the open top to the open bottom. The cork may be sized couple to an internal portion of a bottle. The system may even include a sealing device coupled to an outer portion of the cork between the open top and the open bottom. Additionally, the system may include a replaceable cartridge containing an adsorbent media, iron, a salt, and a color-changing indicator. Oxygen from the bottle may be allowed to enter the cartridge and react with the iron via a non-reversible reaction, thereby preventing the degradation of the spirit.

Beads of materials such as activated alumina, zeolite and silica gel, are used as chloride salt absorbers. The beads are mixed with high-salt gypsum. After mixing for a short time, the mixtures are dried, and the beads and the powder are separated by using a sieve or other physical separation device resulting in a low-salt gypsum which can be used as a gypsum source to make gypsum wallboard.

Beads of materials such as activated alumina, zeolite and silica gel, are used as chloride salt absorbers. The beads are mixed with high-salt gypsum. After mixing for a short time, the mixtures are dried, and the beads and the powder are separated by using a sieve or other physical separation device resulting in a low-salt gypsum which can be used as a gypsum source to make gypsum wallboard.