A composition for use in brine formation comprising a deliquescent desiccant, urea, and an optional component selected from the group consisting of starch, citric acid, clay, glucose, and a combination thereof. Methods of making and using the composition are provided. The composition may be pressed into tablet form. The composition may be used in a dehumidifying device.

A composition for use in brine formation having a deliquescent desiccant, urea, and an optional component selected from the group consisting of starch, citric acid, clay, glucose, and a combination thereof. Methods of making and using the composition are provided. The composition may be pressed into tablet form. The composition may be used in a dehumidifying device.

A method of water treatment includes providing water that includes at least one contaminant. An effective amount of at least one filter media is added to the to the water that includes at least one contaminant. The water and the at least one filter media are agitated to form a homogeneous mixture. A cationic biopolymer is added to the homogeneous mixture of water and the at least one filter media. The water is separated from the at least one contaminant and the at least one filter media.

A method of water treatment includes providing water that includes at least one contaminant. An effective amount of at least one filter media is added to the to the water that includes at least one contaminant. The water and the at least one filter media are agitated to form a homogeneous mixture. A cationic biopolymer is added to the homogeneous mixture of water and the at least one filter media. The water is separated from the at least one contaminant and the at least one filter media.

The invention relates to the intensification of hydrogen PSA processes through utilization of specifically engineered core-shell composite adsorbents. Different embodiments of core-shell adsorbents can be used with either high or low heat capacity cores, and different adsorbent shells (e.g. activated carbon, zeolite, silica gel, alumina etc.) resulting in higher mass transfer rates and hence sharper mass transfer fronts during the PSA process. The location of the limiting impurity front determines the product purity. Therefore, with sharper impurity fronts, lower height of adsorbent bed is required, and cycle time can be proportionally reduced. Also, thermal swing during the PSA can be reduced by use of such adsorbents. The use of a high heat capacity core to reduce the thermal swing, leads to higher overall working capacity of the adsorbent bed.

The invention relates to the intensification of hydrogen PSA processes through utilization of specifically engineered core-shell composite adsorbents. Different embodiments of core-shell adsorbents can be used with either high or low heat capacity cores, and different adsorbent shells (e.g. activated carbon, zeolite, silica gel, alumina etc.) resulting in higher mass transfer rates and hence sharper mass transfer fronts during the PSA process. The location of the limiting impurity front determines the product purity. Therefore, with sharper impurity fronts, lower height of adsorbent bed is required, and cycle time can be proportionally reduced. Also, thermal swing during the PSA can be reduced by use of such adsorbents. The use of a high heat capacity core to reduce the thermal swing, leads to higher overall working capacity of the adsorbent bed.

A multi-functional hybrid material based on natural clays for environmental bio-remediation and recover), is disclosed. In particular, the invention discloses the design and development of appropriately functionalized nanohybrid materials starting from nanostructured clays and the subsequent study of the absorbent properties in relation to hydrocarbons, heavy metals, chemical pollutants, oils, particulate, and microplastics. These nanomaterials were prepared in order to remove the hydrocarbon pollutants (for example oil) and metal pollutants in natural matrices (marine environment), with potential applications in the field of environmental remediation.

A multi-functional hybrid material based on natural clays for environmental bio-remediation and recover), is disclosed. In particular, the invention discloses the design and development of appropriately functionalized nanohybrid materials starting from nanostructured clays and the subsequent study of the absorbent properties in relation to hydrocarbons, heavy metals, chemical pollutants, oils, particulate, and microplastics. These nanomaterials were prepared in order to remove the hydrocarbon pollutants (for example oil) and metal pollutants in natural matrices (marine environment), with potential applications in the field of environmental remediation.

The present invention relates to a calcined medium, in particular a catalyst or a catalyst medium or an adsorbent/absorbent mass, in particular in the form of extrudates, pellets, granules or beads, the medium comprising a porous matrix comprising carbonates, clays, zeolites, oxides, or metal and/or silicon hydroxides, and the matrix incorporating hollow mineral microspheres having a different composition in a content of between 0.3 and 50% by weight, in particular between 0.5 and 15% by weight, of the matrix.

A product, a method of producing and a method of using are disclosed. The product comprises attapulgite that has been thermally activated. The product may have a permeability in oil in the range of 0.04-3 darcy and may have a surface area of 45-140 m.sup.2/g. The method of producing may comprise thermally activating a material that includes attapulgite by heating the material at a temperature in the range of 300 to 900° C. The method of decolorizing may include contacting for a contact time an oil with the bleaching clay product that comprises attapulgite that has been thermally activated, and separating the bleaching clay product from the oil to recover a decolorized oil that has a lower red color than the oil had prior to the contacting, and removing phosphorus and metals for hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)/renewable diesel feedstock pretreatment.