A method of determining opal-C and cristobalite contents of a product that comprises diatomite is disclosed. The method may comprise performing thermal processing to determine a loss on ignition for a representative first portion of a sample of the product; identifying and quantifying primary and secondary peaks present in a first diffraction pattern that results from bulk powder X-ray Diffraction on a representative second portion of the sample; and using a known standard sample of cristobalite to determine whether the primary and secondary peaks present in the first diffraction pattern indicate the presence of opal-C or cristobalite in the product.

Disclosed is a composition for the purification of biofluids, for example, for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, comprising an osmotic agent and a toxin-removal reagent, wherein the toxin-removal reagent can remove a toxin from a biofluid under a condition for osmosis. Provided are a dialysis solution and a kit comprising the aforementioned composition, a method for removing a toxin from a biofluid using the aforementioned composition, and a method for treating a toxin-related disease.

Disclosed is a composition for the purification of biofluids, for example, for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, comprising an osmotic agent and a toxin-removal reagent, wherein the toxin-removal reagent can remove a toxin from a biofluid under a condition for osmosis. Provided are a dialysis solution and a kit comprising the aforementioned composition, a method for removing a toxin from a biofluid using the aforementioned composition, and a method for treating a toxin-related disease.

Systems and methods for extracting an analyte from a sample. The system includes at least one reaction vessel for receiving the sample and a reaction solution that are combined into a reaction mixture. Insoluble components are separated from the reaction mixture and soluble components, including a dissolved analyte are dispensed from the at least one reaction vessel. The system further includes at least one purification vessel configured to receive the soluble components from the at least one reaction vessel, separate contaminants from the soluble components, and dispense a purified dissolved analyte.

Systems and methods for extracting an analyte from a sample. The system includes at least one reaction vessel for receiving the sample and a reaction solution that are combined into a reaction mixture. Insoluble components are separated from the reaction mixture and soluble components, including a dissolved analyte are dispensed from the at least one reaction vessel. The system further includes at least one purification vessel configured to receive the soluble components from the at least one reaction vessel, separate contaminants from the soluble components, and dispense a purified dissolved analyte.

A method for separating, purifying, and recovering components from a liquid feedstock. The method steps include (i) commingling the liquid feedstock with a sorbent whereby one or more components in the liquid feedstock are bound onto the sorbent, thereby producing a loaded sorbent; (ii) packing the loaded sorbent into a first temperature-controlled pressure-resistant column; (iii) sealably engaging the first temperature-controlled pressure-resistant column with a supply of water, and cooling equipment for receiving a flow of an eluate from the temperature-controlled pressure-resistant column; (iv) from the supply of water, producing a first flow of PLP water at a first selected temperature; (v) flowing the first flow of PLP water through the temperature-controlled pressure-resistant column thereby producing a first flow of the eluate therefrom, said eluate containing the one or more components; (vi) cooling the first flow of the eluate; and (vii) collecting the cooled first flow of the eluate.

The present invention provides composite material having a porous graphene-based foam matrix and comprising porous inorganic micro-particles and metal oxide nano-particles distributed throughout the foam matrix.

The present invention provides composite material having a porous graphene-based foam matrix and comprising porous inorganic micro-particles and metal oxide nano-particles distributed throughout the foam matrix.

A filter aid composition may include a first acid-treated silica-based filter aid having a first particle size distribution and a second acid-treated silica-based filter aid having a second particle size distribution. A method of making a filter aid composition may include providing a first silica-based filter aid having a first particle size distribution, providing a second silica-based filter aid having a second particle size distribution, and blending the first silica-based filter aid with the second silica-based filter aid to form the filter aid composition. A method of filtering a fluid may include providing a filter aid composition including a first acid-treated silica-based filter aid and a second acid-treated silica-based filter aid and filtering the fluid through the filter aid composition. The filter aid composition may have a multimodal particle size distribution such that the first particle size distribution has a d50 greater than the second particle size distribution.

A filter aid composition may include a first acid-treated silica-based filter aid having a first particle size distribution and a second acid-treated silica-based filter aid having a second particle size distribution. A method of making a filter aid composition may include providing a first silica-based filter aid having a first particle size distribution, providing a second silica-based filter aid having a second particle size distribution, and blending the first silica-based filter aid with the second silica-based filter aid to form the filter aid composition. A method of filtering a fluid may include providing a filter aid composition including a first acid-treated silica-based filter aid and a second acid-treated silica-based filter aid and filtering the fluid through the filter aid composition. The filter aid composition may have a multimodal particle size distribution such that the first particle size distribution has a d50 greater than the second particle size distribution.