The present disclosure relates to the determination of analytes in a sample using chromatography. The present disclosure provides methods of separating an analyte from a sample. A mobile phase is flowed through a chromatography column. The mobile phase includes about 0.005% (v/v) to about 0.20% (v/v) difluoroacetic acid and less than about 100 ppb of any individual metal impurity. A sample including the analyte is injected into the mobile phase. The analyte is separated from the sample.

A mixed-mode chromatography method for the determination of phosphorylated sugars in a sample is provided. The mixed-mode chromatography method includes obtaining a sample comprising at least one phosphorylated sugar. The sample is introduced onto a chromatography system. The chromatography system includes a column having a stationary phase material contained inside the column. The stationary phase material has a surface comprising a hydrophobic surface group and at least one ionizable modifier. The sample with a mobile phase eluent is flowed through the column, where the at least one phosphorylated sugar is substantially resolved and retained within seven minutes. The mobile phase eluent includes water with an additive and acetonitrile with the additive. The mobile phase eluent has a pH less than 6. The at least one phosphorylated sugar is detected using a detector.

A reversible enrichment material, its preparation and application thereof are provided. The reversible enrichment material includes an inorganic carrier; and an active metal salt, a first metal salt promoter and a second metal salt promoter supported on the inorganic carrier. The active metal salt is a soluble silver salt, a soluble copper salt, or a combination thereof. The first metal salt promoter is one or more selected from the group consisting of soluble salts of Group IA, Group IIA and Group IIIA metals, and the second metal salt promoter is one or more selected from the group consisting of soluble salts of transition metals other than Group IB metals. The reversible enrichment material can realize effective separation of saturated hydrocarbon from unsaturated hydrocarbon and has good reversibility.

A reversible enrichment material, its preparation and application thereof are provided. The reversible enrichment material includes an inorganic carrier; and an active metal salt, a first metal salt promoter and a second metal salt promoter supported on the inorganic carrier. The active metal salt is a soluble silver salt, a soluble copper salt, or a combination thereof. The first metal salt promoter is one or more selected from the group consisting of soluble salts of Group IA, Group IIA and Group IIIA metals, and the second metal salt promoter is one or more selected from the group consisting of soluble salts of transition metals other than Group IB metals. The reversible enrichment material can realize effective separation of saturated hydrocarbon from unsaturated hydrocarbon and has good reversibility.

Disclosed herein is a method for obtaining compounds and compositions from plant and fungus materials by thermal treatment, affinity capture, filtration, and release through multi-phasic transitions between gas, solid, and liquid states. The compounds of interest are obtained by manipulating the temperature and pressure of the heating chamber. The compounds in gas phase are passed through an affinity medium which captures the compounds of interest in either solid or liquid phase by exposing the compound of interest to the localized micro-affinity environment of the medium. The compounds are separated from the medium using direct competition with solvent or buffers optimized for the specific chemical properties of compounds.

The disclosure relates to a reversed-phase chromatography method for the determination of at least one of glyphosate or AMPA in a sample. The method includes obtaining the sample comprising the at least one of glyphosate or AMPA in a sample matrix and introducing the sample to a reversed-phase chromatography system. The reversed-phase chromatography system includes a reversed-phase column having a stationary phase material contained inside the column. The stationary phase material includes a phenyl functional group. The method also includes flowing the sample with a mobile phase eluent through the reversed-phase column, wherein the at least one of glyphosate or AMPA is substantially resolved and retained. The mobile phase eluent has a pH between about 1.5 to about 2.5. The at least one of glyphosate or AMPA are detected using a detector.

A method for producing a compound represented by formula (A-1) or a salt thereof, the method comprising reacting (S)-3-((3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethynyl)-1-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine or a salt thereof with a compound represented by formula (I-1-A). Formula (I-1-A) and formula (A-1) are as described in the specification.

A chromatographic material including a substrate having a surface and having a polymeric layer covalently bound to the surface; the polymeric layer comprising polymer molecules covalently attached to the surface of the substrate, each polymer molecule being attached to the surface via multiple siloxane bonds and each polymer molecule being connected to one or more functionalizing compounds that each comprise a functional group, wherein the polymeric layer is formed by covalently attaching polymer molecules to the surface of the substrate via multiple siloxane bonds, each polymer molecule containing multiple first reactive groups, and reacting the first reactive groups of the attached polymer molecules with at least one functionalizing compound that comprises a second reactive group that is reactive with the first reactive groups and that further comprises a functional group. Preferred conditions of reacting the polymer with the substrate include elevated temperature and reduced pressure.

A chromatographic material including a substrate having a surface and having a polymeric layer covalently bound to the surface; the polymeric layer comprising polymer molecules covalently attached to the surface of the substrate, each polymer molecule being attached to the surface via multiple siloxane bonds and each polymer molecule being connected to one or more functionalizing compounds that each comprise a functional group, wherein the polymeric layer is formed by covalently attaching polymer molecules to the surface of the substrate via multiple siloxane bonds, each polymer molecule containing multiple first reactive groups, and reacting the first reactive groups of the attached polymer molecules with at least one functionalizing compound that comprises a second reactive group that is reactive with the first reactive groups and that further comprises a functional group. Preferred conditions of reacting the polymer with the substrate include elevated temperature and reduced pressure.

The present invention provides a method for hydrophobization of a hydrophilic material, the method including introducing a hydrophobic group into a hydroxyl group (—OH group) on a surface of the hydrophilic material. A method for hydrophobization of a hydrophilic material, the method comprising reacting a hydrophilic material to be hydrophobized with a hydrophobic group-containing silylating agent in presence of an amino acid as a reaction accelerator, to introduce a hydrophobic group-containing silyl group to a surface of the hydrophilic material. A hydrophobized silica gel column filler is produced by using the method. Further, a hydrophobized silica gel column is produced by filling a column with the hydrophobized silica gel column filler.