This invention relates to modified MOF materials, methods of preparing them and processes using them. A modified MOF of the invention is modified by impregnating a MOF with an inorganic metal salt. The starting MOF contains at least one linker or ligand which contains an aryl amino group as part of its structure. These modified MOFs are able to adsorb either basic or acidic toxic industrial compounds (TIC). The modified MOFs can be used to remove TICs from various gaseous streams such as air.

Sorbent materials for the adsorption of hydrocarbons and methods for manufacturing them are described. The sorbents include a slurry of activated carbon and a porous sheet layer permeable to hydrocarbons configured to remove emissions from air intakes. The methods for manufacturing the sorbent materials include providing both a hydrocarbon permeable layer and a slurry that includes the sorbent material, drying the slurry, and affixing the dried slurry layer to the surface of the hydrocarbon permeable layer.

An example method includes receiving saline water at a desalination tank, the desalination tank including a porous substrate impregnated with metal particles in a fixed position within the desalination tank, contacting the saline water with the porous substrate to remove impurities from the water, thereby forming treated water, and outputting the treated water.