The instant disclosure sets forth a process for re-activating a mineral residue. The process includes providing a mineral residue, which includes a core and a shell around the core. In certain examples, the core comprises calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), or a combination thereof. The Ca and Mg is not present as elemental Ca or Mg but rather as a compound of Ca or of Mg, such as but not limited to Ca(OH).sub.2 or Mg(OH).sub.2. In certain examples, the shell comprises an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbonate, a silicate, a sulfite, a sulfate, a chloride, a nitrate, or nitrite, of calcium (Ca) or of magnesium (Mg), or a combination thereof. The process includes (a) fractionating the mineral residue; (b) contacting the mineral residue with an acid and fractionating the mineral residue; or (c) contacting the mineral residue with a base and fractionating the mineral residue. As a result, the mineral residue's core is exposed. In some examples, the shell is passivating and inhibits the Ca or Mg, or both, in the core from reacting with carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2). By exposing the core as described herein, a mineral residue's reactivity with carbon dioxide is increased.

Methods for separating Ra from Pb, Bi, and Th are provided, the methods can include: providing a first mixture comprising Ra, Pb, Bi, and/or Th; providing a system that can include: a first vessel housing a first media; a second vessel in fluid communication with the first vessel, the second vessel housing a second media; and a third vessel in fluid communication with the second vessel, the third vessel housing a third media; and exposing the first mixture to the first media within the first vessel then, through the fluid communication, exposing the first remainder to the second media in the second vessel, then, through fluid communication, exposing the next remainder to the third media in the third vessel, the exposing separating the Th and Bi from the Ra and Pb, and the Ra from the Pb. Methods for separating Ra from being associated with a media are also provided. The methods can include: exposing the Ra and media to a chelating agent to form a mixture comprising the Ra complexed with the chelating agent.

A method for forming an integrated composite comprises providing a three-dimensional substrate having at least one channel; coating the substrate with a phenolic resin, wherein coating comprises dispersing the phenolic resin on the substrate, impregnating the phenolic resin in the substrate or a combination of both; curing the substrate and the phenolic resin; heating the cured substrate and cured phenolic resin to a temperature in a range of about 600? C. to about 1100? C. in an inert environment thereby pyrolyzing the phenolic resin, forming a conductive carbon network on, in, or both on and in the substrate; and coating a support material on, in, or both on and in the substrate to form an integrated composite.

A method of treating a metal carbonate salt includes hydrolyzing a metal halide salt to form a hydrohalic acid and a hydroxide salt of the metal in the metal halide salt. The metal includes an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal. The method includes reacting the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt, wherein the metal carbonate salt is a carbonate salt of the alkaline earth metal or alkali metal, to form CO.sub.2 and the metal halide salt. At least some of the metal halide salt formed from the reacting of the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt is recycled as at least some of the metal halide salt in the hydrolyzing of the metal halide salt to form the hydrohalic acid and the hydroxide salt.

The present invention describes a method to remove metals present in a mixture comprising one or more organic amines comprising the step of contacting the mixture with a silica-polyethyleneimine adsorbent.

The invention relates to a noxious gas purificant and its preparation and purification method for removing nitrogen oxides from gas streams thereof. The preparing method is characterized in that: mixing, according to a predetermined ratio and a process, a salt of iron, manganese, cobalt, or copper, and a related derivative thereof, an alkali or alkaline substance and a related derivative thereof, water and a forming agent, so as to obtain a solid compound or mixture; drying and activating the solid compound or mixture to produce a solid product as the purificant; and introducing the purificant into a gas-solid reactor, and removing noxious gases in a gas stream by performing, in a preconfigured temperature and using the purificant, a gas-solid reaction on the harmful gases in the gas stream. The purificant can be recycled and reused.

A magnetic adsorbent, including an admixture of an adsorbent and a magnetic material. A system for removing mercury from a fluid stream, the system including, a magnetic adsorbent injection unit for injecting an admixture of powdered activated carbon and magnetic material into the fluid stream; and a particulate removal unit. Also included are methods for removing mercury from a fluid stream and methods for producing a magnetic sorbent.

The invention relates to a method for recovering organic molecules (10) from a complex matrix (20) said method (100) comprising the steps of: Providing (110) the complex matrix (20); Contacting (120) the complex matrix (20) with biogenic nanoparticles (30), for an adsorption of the organic molecules (10) on biogenic nanoparticles (30); Separating (140) biogenic nanoparticles enriched (35) with the organic molecules (10) from a depleted complex matrix (22); and Using (150) the organic molecules (10) that were adsorbed to the biogenic nanoparticles (30) in a chemical process or in a chemical device.

An adsorption bed utilizing Metal Organic Framework canisters to process flue gasses exiting from power generation plants. High temperature flue gas from a power generation is cooled and enters MOF containers where CO.sub.2 is adsorbed. CO.sub.2 is then de-adsorbed with additional high temperature flue gas. CO.sub.2 is collected and removed from flue gas. Electricity is generated using the heat differential and collected to power the device. Electronic control system uses sensors and controls valves, pumps, cooling system and MOF gates.

The present invention relates to a process for taking up one or more nitrogen oxide(s) from a medium using at least one particulate magnesium ion-comprising material, a particulate magnesium ion-comprising material obtained by the process as well as an adsorbing material comprising said at least one particulate magnesium ion-comprising material and the use of at least one particulate magnesium ion-comprising material having a BET specific surface area as measured by the BET nitrogen method in the range from 4 to 400 m.sup.2/g for taking up one or more nitrogen oxide(s) from a gaseous and/or aero