A method for the sorption of phosphorous and/or nitrogen from a liquid, the method comprising the step of contacting the liquid with a composition comprising spongolite.

A system and method for synthesizing a nanoparticle material includes dissolving a metal nitrate in deionized water, adding a hydrogel precursor in the deionized water containing the dissolved metal nitrate to create an aqueous solution, heating the aqueous solution, cooling the aqueous solution to create a solid gel, and calcinating the solid gel to create a metal oxide nanoparticle material. The metal oxide nanoparticle material may include a zinc oxide-based nanoparticle material. The hydrogel precursor may include an agarose gel. The solid gel may be calcinated at approximately 600 C. The solid gel may be calcinated for approximately five hours in the presence of air. The aqueous solution may be heated to a boil. The aqueous solution may be heated at a temperature of 100 C.

A method for manufacturing a carbon dioxide adsorbent includes preparing an amine aqueous solution having an amine compound concentration ranging from 5% to 70% inclusive and a temperature ranging from 10 C. to 100 C. inclusive, impregnating silica gel with the amine aqueous solution, and aeration-drying the silica gel carrying the amine compound. The silica gel has a particle size ranging from 1 mm to 5 mm inclusive, an average pore diameter ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm inclusive, and a pore volume ranging from 0.1 cm.sup.3/g to 1.3 cm.sup.3/g inclusive.

Polyamines with lengths carefully tailored to the framework dimensions are appended to metal-organic frameworks such as Mg.sub.2(dobpdc) (dobpdc4-=4,4-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3-dicarboxylate) with the desired loading of one polyamine per two metal sites. The polyamine-appended materials show step-shaped adsorption and desorption profiles due to a cooperative CO.sub.2 adsorption/desorption mechanism. Several disclosed polyamine-appended materials exhibit strong ability to capture CO.sub.2 from various compositions. Increased stability of amines in the framework has been achieved using high molecular weight polyamine molecules that coordinate multiple metal sites in the framework. The preparation of these adsorbents as well as their characterization are provided.

An ammonia adsorption product is described which may be used for fresh caught fish and bait. The product may comprise functionalized tectosilicate compound and a buffer. High concentrations of ammonia produced by fish waste can be lethal, even though oxygen availability is rich enough to keep fish breathing. The product is a user-friendly, sustainable, affordable product which is able to extend the life of the fish by safely removing ammonia by an ion-exchange mechanism. This product can convert toxic ammonia into ammonium and uptake ammonium by releasing sodium ions in the water.

A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

A process for producing black powder oxygen carriers for use in a chemical looping combustion unit includes the steps of: (a) removing and collecting the black powder waste material that was formed in a gas pipeline; (b) pre-treating the collected black powder to adjust its spherical shape to avoid attrition and fines production; and (c) activating the black powder to increase its reactivity rate and produce the black powder oxygen carrier that is suitable for use in the chemical looping combustion process as an oxygen carrier.

This invention generally relates to a process and circuit for reintercalating lithium aluminum double hydroxide (LADH) lithium selective adsorbents. The inventive process includes reintercalating the spent LADH adsorbent with lithium salt in a dilute brine under alkaline conditions at a predetermined intercalation temperature, followed by neutralization using an appropriate acid at a predetermined neutralization temperature. The inventive process can be performed to reintercalate the adsorbent and can be performed multiple times over the life of the adsorbent. The reintercalation process can be conducted at a chemical regeneration facility, or alternatively, in situ, such as at an on-site mineral extraction facility, in a mobile reinteractation circuit, or within adsorbent columns of a lithium extraction (e.g., DLE) circuit. In the later arrangement, the invention can be used in fixed beds, stirred tanks, pseudo- or simulated moving bed (SMB) circuits, or other DLE circuits.

Provided is nanostructured sand, a process for producing same, a process for separating a pollutant-water mixture, and uses of the nanostructured sand.

Methods for removing a target selenium entity from fluids by treating the fluid with a rare earth impregnated media containing an immobilized rare earth. The methods including obtaining a contaminated fluid comprising water and dissolved selenate; contacting the feed fluid with a rare earth impregnated media for removal of at least a portion of the selenate from the feed fluid thereby forming a treated fluid comprising less selenium than the feed fluid.