Provided is a method for producing a lithium-containing solution that prevents the dissolution of the whole lithium manganese oxide while maintaining the efficiency of an elution step. The method for producing a lithium-containing solution comprises performing an adsorption step of contacting a lithium adsorbent obtained from lithium manganese oxide with a low lithium-containing liquid for adsorption to give post-adsorption lithium manganese oxide, an elution step of contacting the post-adsorption lithium manganese oxide with an acid solution to give a lithium-containing solution with residual manganese, and a manganese oxidation step of oxidating manganese to give a lithium-containing solution with a suppressed manganese concentration, performed in this order. The acid solution is a 0.5 mol/L or more and 4.0 mol/L or less hydrochloric acid solution. According to the production method, in the elution step, the dissolution of the whole lithium manganese oxide can be suppressed while maintaining the efficiency of exchange reaction between cations including Li.sup.+ and H.sup.+. Thus, the repeated use of the lithium adsorbent becomes possible.

A regeneration solvent comprised of one or more ethylene amines may contact an adsorbent bed that has been used to remove sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream to extract adsorbed sulfur compounds from the adsorbent material in the bed to regenerate it. The one or more ethyleneamines may have structure (I), (II), or (III):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are, to the extent chemically possible, independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 linear or branched alkyl, amido (RRNC═O), or hydroxyalkyl, where each R in the amido group is independently H or C.sub.1 alkyl, where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkylene of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, where x ranges from 0 to 3, y ranges from 1 to 6. The regenerated adsorbent bed may be reused, either alone or in combination with a liquid-liquid extraction column, to remove sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream.

A solvent comprised of (1) a caustic and an alcohol, (2) a caustic and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, or (3) a caustic, an alcohol, and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide may contact an adsorbent bed that has been used to remove sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream to extract adsorbed sulfur compounds from the adsorbent material in the bed to regenerate it. The regenerated adsorbent bed may be reused, either alone or in combination with a liquid-liquid extraction column, to remove sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream.

A process for deodorizing a rosin ester composition is disclosed. The process employs an adsorptive bed containing an adsorbent material. The adsorbent material comprises silica adsorbent having an average pore size between 50-200 Å, BET surface area of at least 300 mm.sup.2/g, pore volume of 1.20 to 3.00 cc/g, and a silanol [Si—OH] level of 0.5 to 5 unit/nm.sup.2. The deodorized rosin ester composition has an odor intensity reduction of at least 1 unit on odor intensity scale of Offensive Odor Control Act as compared to the rosin ester feedstock. In embodiment, the deodorizing treatment comprises using multi-staged adsorbent system with an adsorbent column having multiple layers of different adsorbent materials.

An object of the present invention is a method for recycling a metal or several metals M selected from among those belonging to the columns 8 to 12 of the periodic table of elements, present at least partially in the form of metal sulphides in a porous material A comprising at least one mineral oxide and having a sulphur content higher than or equal to 2% by weight. Said method comprises the following successive steps: (1) at least one step of heat treatment of the material A in the presence of oxygen, at a temperature comprised within the range from 350° C. to 900° C.; (2) at least one step of washing the material A′ derived from step (1) by means of an aqueous solvent; (3) at least one step of extracting the metal(s) M by setting the material A″ derived from step (2) in contact with a solution S containing at least one carboxylic acid; and (4) at least one step of depositing at least one portion of the metal(s) M over a porous material B different from said material A, by setting the solution S′ derived from step (3) in contact with said material B.

Provided are a water and/or alcohol adsorbent including organic-inorganic hybrid nanoporous materials, and use thereof, and more particularly, a water and/or alcohol adsorbent having a high adsorption amount at a low relative humidity or partial pressure, of which desorption/regeneration is possible at a low temperature, the water and/or alcohol adsorbent including organic-inorganic hybrid nanoporous materials having 0.5 to 3 mol of a hydroxyl group (OH) or a hydroxide anion group (OH.sup.−) per 1 mol of a central metal ion, and use thereof.

Sorptive gas separation processes employing chemisorbents or amine doped sorbents are provided for separating a first component from a multi-component fluid mixture, or specifically for separating carbon dioxide from a combustion gas stream. The sorptive gas separation process comprises a sorbing step where during a first period of the sorbing step a first portion of a first product stream is recovered comprising a second component such as a nitrogen component, and during a second period of the sorbing step a second portion of a first product stream is recovered comprising a third component such as a water component.

The present disclosure provides methods for conducting chemical reactions and for conducting a multi-step chemical reactions using swellable organically modified silica (SOMS) as nanoreactors.

Provided are methods of extracting lithium from a lithium containing solution, as well as the resulting compositions. The method includes supplying a lithium containing solution to a lithium capture step, the lithium capture step being operable to capture lithium from the lithium salt containing solution. The method further includes recovering lithium from the lithium capture step to produce a lithium rich stream. In especially preferred methods, the lithium capture step is performed to increase the lithium to sodium ratio above at least 1:1. Optionally, the lithium rich stream can be purified to remove divalent ions and borate ions. The lithium rich stream is then concentrated by supplying the lithium rich stream to a reverse osmosis step to produce a concentrated lithium rich stream.

The invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for recharging zirconium phosphate and/or zirconium oxide in reusable sorbent modules. The devices, systems, and methods provide for precision recharging of the zirconium phosphate and/or zirconium oxide to avoid the need of excess recharge solutions. The devices systems and methods also provide for calculation of the volumes of recharge solution needed for fully recharging the zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide modules.