Porous aromatic framework polymers functionalized with Brnsted acid moieties are prepared by polymerization of a three-dimensional organic aryl or heteroaryl monomer and its copolymerization with a second aryl or heteroaryl monomer functionalized with one or more Brnsted acid moiety. The polymers are characterized by a stable three-dimensional structure, which, in exemplary embodiments, includes interpenetrating subunits within one or more domain of the bulk polymer structure. The polymers are of use in methods of adsorbing ammonia and amines and in devices and systems configured for this purpose.

In some aspects, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising a nanoporous material such as a metal organic framework and an amine containing compound. In some aspects, these compositions may be used to improve the affinity of a guest molecule to the nanoporous material relative a nanoporous material which had not been treated with the amine containing compound.

Adsorption towers are filled with adsorbents that adsorb methane gas in coal mine gas and perform a PSA cycle. For each of adsorption towers, a plurality of different pressure states of the internal pressure of the adsorption tower are set as an intermediate pressure state. As a pressure equalization step, an initial pressure equalization step of transferring the gas in one of the adsorption towers that is in a high pressure state to another one of the adsorption towers that is in an intermediate pressure state, and a final pressure equalization step of transferring the gas in one of the adsorption towers that is in the high pressure-side intermediate pressure state to another one of the adsorption towers that is in the low pressure state are performed.

Provided herein are metal organic frameworks comprising metal nodes and N-donor organic ligands which have high selectivity and stability in the present of gases and vapors including H.sub.2S, H.sub.2O, and CO.sub.2. Methods include capturing one or more of H.sub.2S, H.sub.2O, and CO.sub.2 from fluid compositions, such as natural gas.

A method for controlling the magnitude of mechanical forces exerted by a solid ammonia storage material on walls of a container: determining a mechanical-strength limit of the container in terms of a hydraulic pressure P.sub.LIMIT or force F.sub.LIMIT under which the walls of container do not undergo plastic deformation, or deformation of more than 200% of deformation at the yield point; using a correlation between a temperature T.sub.SAT for the ammonia saturation/resaturation process, and the hydraulic pressure P.sub.MAT, or F.sub.MAT generated by the storage material during saturation/resaturation, to identify a minimum temperature T.sub.SATMIN where P.sub.MAT, or F.sub.MAT is kept below the limit for the mechanical strength by carrying out the saturation/resaturation process at the temperature T.sub.SAT fulfilling the condition of T.sub.SATT.sub.SATMIN.

In accordance with the present subject matter there is provided peptide-based compounds. methods of making such compounds, gels comprising such compounds, methods of making gels, methods of using such compounds for the containing spill of a hydrocarbon, and methods for reclaiming solvent from gels comprising such compounds.

A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

An amine-modified metal-organic framework composition is provided that has beneficial properties for performing direct air capture. The composition corresponds to a mixed-metal organic framework that includes 4,4-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3-dicarboxylate (dobpdc) as the linker. The mixed metals can correspond to two or more metals. In some aspects, the mixed-metal organic framework corresponds to M.sup.1.sub.xM.sup.2.sub.(2-x) (dobpdc). In various aspects, the mixed-metal organic framework is appended with N,N-diethylethylenediamine (e-2-e).

An active catalyst for ammonia synthesis is integrated with a specialty sorbent in a composition or composite, such that the catalyst portion and the sorbent portion are in direct intimate contact, which overcomes the thermodynamic limits for conversion. The sorbent may comprise a metal halide absorbent, zeolite adsorbent, other material absorbents or adsorbents, to capture ammonia as it is produced in intimate or near molecular contact with the catalyst, wherein the composition/composite may be provided in the form of a granular or pellet structure. By removing ammonia essentially as it forms, the forward reaction for producing ammonia can continue nearly unabated such that high net conversion can be achieved in a single pass or cumulative within segmented reactors as operated in series.

The present invention provides improved sorbents and corresponding device(s) and uses thereof for the capture of contaminants from breathable air in an enclosed habitable space. The sorbents are capable of rapid and high adsorption of moisture, carbon dioxide and other contaminants from forced air and provide quantitative release of the sorbates when exposed to vacuum. The sorbents may be included in air treatment systems, such as portable life support systems (trace contaminant control systems), to maintain a breathable atmosphere in spacecraft, watercraft, or landcraft having enclosed habitable spaces and also in space suits.