The present invention provides a catalyst composition for use in a catalytic cracking process, said catalyst composition comprises 3.5 to 15.5% of pentasil zeolite, 9 to 40% of ultra-stable Y (USY) or rare earth exchanged USY (REUSY) zeolite, 3.5 to 15% of large pore active matrix based bottom up gradation component and 0.3 to 3% of a metal trap component, the percentage being based on weight of the catalyst composition. The present invention also provides a process for preparing the said catalyst composition and a catalytic cracking process comprising contacting the said catalyst composition with a feedstock.

The present invention relates to catalyst comprising at least one transition metal selected from Group VIA and Group VITA metals and a support containing a mixture of 0.1 to 60 percent by weight of zeolite, based on total weight of the support, with at least one other inorganic or organic material, wherein the at least one other inorganic or organic material is selected from silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and activated carbon, preferably silicon dioxide; and a process for olefin metathesis utilizing that catalyst.

The present invention relates to catalyst comprising at least one transition metal selected from Group VIA and Group VITA metals and a support containing a mixture of 0.1 to 60 percent by weight of zeolite, based on total weight of the support, with at least one other inorganic or organic material, wherein the at least one other inorganic or organic material is selected from silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and activated carbon, preferably silicon dioxide; and a process for olefin metathesis utilizing that catalyst.

A precursor mixture for producing a porous body, wherein the precursor mixture comprises: (i) milled alpha alumina powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 6 microns, (ii) boehmite powder that functions as a binder of the alpha alumina powders, and (iii) burnout materials having a particle sizes of 1-10 microns. In some embodiments, an unmilled alpha alumina powder having a particle size of 10 to 100 microns is also included in said precursor mixture. Also described herein is a method for producing a porous body in which the above-described precursor mixture is formed to a given shape, and subjected to a heat treatment step in which the formed shape is sintered to produce the porous body.

A precursor mixture for producing a porous body, wherein the precursor mixture comprises: (i) milled alpha alumina powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 6 microns, (ii) boehmite powder that functions as a binder of the alpha alumina powders, and (iii) burnout materials having a particle sizes of 1-10 microns. In some embodiments, an unmilled alpha alumina powder having a particle size of 10 to 100 microns is also included in said precursor mixture. Also described herein is a method for producing a porous body in which the above-described precursor mixture is formed to a given shape, and subjected to a heat treatment step in which the formed shape is sintered to produce the porous body.

The present invention relates to energy saving method and apparatus for preparing styrene and alpha-methylstyrene concurrently, by which economic feasibility may be improved by reusing energy during preparing styrene and alpha-methylstyrene concurrently.

Catalysts containing a support and a metal oxide, and reactors and methods of using the catalysts in a carbonylation reaction, such as alcohol carbonylation and ester carbonylation, are described herein. The support is typically chemically inert and has a high surface area. The metal oxide typically contains a transition metal or a mixture of metals, such as rhenium, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, or a combination thereof. Typically, the metal oxide is mainly atomically dispersed on the surface of the support, as indicated by STEM. For example, at least 10% of the metal oxide is atomically dispersed on the surface of the support. The method includes (i) exposing a mixture of one or more alcohols or one or more esters and carbon monoxide to the catalyst. Typically, the one or more alcohols or one or more esters and carbon monoxide are in a gas phase.

Catalysts containing a support and a metal oxide, and reactors and methods of using the catalysts in a carbonylation reaction, such as alcohol carbonylation and ester carbonylation, are described herein. The support is typically chemically inert and has a high surface area. The metal oxide typically contains a transition metal or a mixture of metals, such as rhenium, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, or a combination thereof. Typically, the metal oxide is mainly atomically dispersed on the surface of the support, as indicated by STEM. For example, at least 10% of the metal oxide is atomically dispersed on the surface of the support. The method includes (i) exposing a mixture of one or more alcohols or one or more esters and carbon monoxide to the catalyst. Typically, the one or more alcohols or one or more esters and carbon monoxide are in a gas phase.

Disclosed is a catalytic system for the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. The catalytic system includes an iridium (Ir) photosensitizer and a TiO.sub.2/Re(I) complex catalyst. No additional process is required to anchor the molecule-based dye compound on TiO.sub.2 in the synthesis of the catalytic system. This enables the synthesis of the catalytic system in a relatively easy manner for groups of photosensitizer candidates. In addition, the catalytic system can be utilized as a platform for more easily evaluating the abilities of photosensitizers. Furthermore, the catalytic system can find application in various fields due to its ability to selectively produce carbon monoxide gas with high efficiency.

A method is provided for improving the performance of a silver-based epoxidation catalyst comprising a carrier. The carrier includes at least 80 percent alpha alumina and has a pore volume from 0.3 mL/g to 1.2 mL/g, a surface area from 0.3 m.sup.2/g to 3.0 m.sup.2/g, and a pore architecture that provides at least one of a tortuosity of 7 or less, a constriction of 4 or less and a permeability of 30 mdarcys or greater. A catalytic amount of silver and a promoting amount of one or more promoters is disposed on and/or in said carrier. The method further includes the steps of initiating an epoxidation reaction by reacting a feed gas composition containing ethylene and oxygen present in a ratio of from about 3.5:1 to about 12:1, in the presence of the silver-based epoxidation catalyst at a temperature of about 200? C. to about 230? C., and subsequently increasing the temperature either stepwise or continuously.