A visible light sensitive photocatalyst including a compound represented by Formula 1:
A.sub.a-xM.sup.1.sub.xSi.sub.b-yM.sup.2.sub.yO.sub.c  Formula 1
wherein A is one or more metals selected from Ag, Cu, and Au; M.sup.1 is one or more metals selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs; M.sup.2 is one or more metals selected from Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, and Hf, and 1.7≦a≦2.3, 0.7≦b≦1.3, 2.7≦c≦3.3, 0≦x<a, and 0≦y<b.

To provide a method for producing a hydrofluoroolefin, wherein formation of an over-reduced product having hydrogen added to an aimed hydrofluorolefin and an over-reduced product having some of fluorine atoms in the aimed product replaced with hydrogen atoms, as by-products, is suppressed.

A method for producing a hydrofluoroolefin, which comprises reacting a specific chlorofluoroolefin with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst supported on a carrier, to obtain a specific hydrofluoroolefin, wherein the catalyst is a catalyst composed of particles of an alloy containing at least one platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of palladium and platinum, and gold, and the proportion of the gold at the surface of the alloy particles is from 5 to 30 mass % per 100 mass % in total of the platinum group metal and the gold at the surface of the alloy particles.

To provide a method for producing a hydrofluoroolefin, wherein formation of an over-reduced product having hydrogen added to an aimed hydrofluorolefin and an over-reduced product having some of fluorine atoms in the aimed product replaced with hydrogen atoms, as by-products, is suppressed.

A method for producing a hydrofluoroolefin, which comprises reacting a specific chlorofluoroolefin with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst supported on a carrier, to obtain a specific hydrofluoroolefin, wherein the catalyst is a catalyst composed of particles of an alloy containing at least one platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of palladium and platinum, and gold, and the proportion of the gold at the surface of the alloy particles is from 5 to 30 mass % per 100 mass % in total of the platinum group metal and the gold at the surface of the alloy particles.

A method has now been found for the preparation of calcium, magnesium, and zinc salts of sugar acids, this being the object of the present invention, which is characterized in that the method may include providing a sugar and oxidizing the sugar to a sugar acid in the presence of a noble metal catalyst, oxygen, and a heterogeneous hydroxide source. Preferably the oxidation is carried out with a gold catalyst, and a heterogeneous source of magnesium, calcium, or zinc hydroxide. The oxidation can be performed in a batch or continuous manner.

A method has now been found for the preparation of calcium, magnesium, and zinc salts of sugar acids, this being the object of the present invention, which is characterized in that the method may include providing a sugar and oxidizing the sugar to a sugar acid in the presence of a noble metal catalyst, oxygen, and a heterogeneous hydroxide source. Preferably the oxidation is carried out with a gold catalyst, and a heterogeneous source of magnesium, calcium, or zinc hydroxide. The oxidation can be performed in a batch or continuous manner.

Provided is a dual light-responsive zinc oxide, in the preparation process of zinc oxide, sodium citrate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose are added to control the morphology, photothermal conversion materials are added to make zinc oxide have photothermal conversion ability, and lignin is added to reduce the energy band gap of zinc oxide; and the hydrothermal products after lyophilization are carbonized by microwave irradiation so as to further reduce the energy band gap. The dual light-responsive zinc oxide has a Tremella-like fold structure, has dual response to yellow light and near-infrared light, has excellent adsorbability, antibacterial property and photothermal stability, and has photothermal conversion ability. The dual light-responsive zinc oxide coating has both antibacterial and osteogenic properties, which can efficiently improve the antibacterial and osteogenic capability of implants when being applied on the surface of the implants; and its special photosensitive property helps to realize the photocontrol working and on-demand action of the antibacterial and osteogenic functions of the implant.

A heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and a noble metal. The catalyst has an average diameter of at least 200 microns and at least 90 wt % of the noble metal is in the outer 50% of catalyst volume.

A heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and a noble metal. The catalyst has an average diameter of at least 200 microns and at least 90 wt % of the noble metal is in the outer 50% of catalyst volume.

A nanomaterial catalyst comprising a partially crystalline porous magnesium silicate support and gold nanoparticles, the catalyst being useful for oxidative cracking of hydrocarbons, specifically the production of light olefins from propane. Methods of producing the nanomaterial catalyst as well as a method of oxidative cracking of a hydrocarbon to produce light olefins are provided.

A nanomaterial catalyst comprising a partially crystalline porous magnesium silicate support and gold nanoparticles, the catalyst being useful for oxidative cracking of hydrocarbons, specifically the production of light olefins from propane. Methods of producing the nanomaterial catalyst as well as a method of oxidative cracking of a hydrocarbon to produce light olefins are provided.