A catalyst for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes comprises a catalytically active material supported on a carrier, wherein the catalytically active material is a metallic sulfide (MeS) comprising Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo or W or any combination of two or more metals selected from Pb, Sn, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo and W. The catalyst is regenerated in several steps. The dehydrogenation is carried out at a temperature between 450 and 650 C. and a pressure from 0.9 bar below ambient pressure to 5 bar above ambient pressure.

Provided are an oxygen reduction catalyst having a high electrode potential under a fuel cell operating environment, an electrode containing the oxygen reduction catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly in which a cathode is the electrode, and a fuel cell including the membrane electrode assembly. The oxygen reduction catalyst used here contains cobalt, sulfur, and oxygen as elements, has a CoS.sub.2 cubic structure in powder X-ray diffractometry, and having an SCo/SO peak area ratio of 6 to 15 in an S2p spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis.

Provided are an oxygen reduction catalyst having a high electrode potential under a fuel cell operating environment, an electrode containing the oxygen reduction catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly in which a cathode is the electrode, and a fuel cell including the membrane electrode assembly. The oxygen reduction catalyst used here contains cobalt, sulfur, and oxygen as elements, has a CoS.sub.2 cubic structure in powder X-ray diffractometry, and having an SCo/SO peak area ratio of 6 to 15 in an S2p spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis.

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst for slurry phase hydrocracking of refinery residue and a process for its preparation. The present disclosure provides a very simple method for exfoliation of metal sulphide, and a process of that provides effective slurry phase hydrocracking of refinery residue with a high yield.

Present subject matter provides a semiconductor nanocrystal comprises a core and a shell. The core is fabricated from a first semiconductor. The shell is fabricated from a second semiconductor. The optical cross section of the semiconductor nanocrystal is in a range of 10.sup.17 cm.sup.2-10.sup.12 cm.sup.2 in a 2-3 eV region. The core is less than 2 nanometers from an outer surface of the shell in at least one region of the semiconductor nanocrystal. Present subject matter also provides method for preparation of the semiconductor nanocrystals and method for photosynthesis of organic compounds.

A method for oxidative desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels is disclosed. The method includes contacting a liquid fuel with a quantum dot hybrid catalyst including metal sulfide quantum dots intercalated over graphene oxide layers in a reactor vessel, heating the reactor vessel to a temperature between 25 C. and 200 C., and reducing sulfur content of the liquid fuel with a sulfur reduction amount of more than 95% wt. Reducing the sulfur content of the liquid fuel with the sulfur reduction amount of more than 95% wt. includes producing sulfone and sulfoxide compounds by oxidizing the liquid fuel with ozone gas in the presence of the quantum dot hybrid catalyst at the temperature between 25 C. and 200 C., and separating the sulfone and sulfoxide compounds from the liquid fuel by extracting the sulfone and sulfoxide with an extraction solvent.

A method for oxidative desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels is disclosed. The method includes contacting a liquid fuel with a quantum dot hybrid catalyst including metal sulfide quantum dots intercalated over graphene oxide layers in a reactor vessel, heating the reactor vessel to a temperature between 25 C. and 200 C., and reducing sulfur content of the liquid fuel with a sulfur reduction amount of more than 95% wt. Reducing the sulfur content of the liquid fuel with the sulfur reduction amount of more than 95% wt. includes producing sulfone and sulfoxide compounds by oxidizing the liquid fuel with ozone gas in the presence of the quantum dot hybrid catalyst at the temperature between 25 C. and 200 C., and separating the sulfone and sulfoxide compounds from the liquid fuel by extracting the sulfone and sulfoxide with an extraction solvent.

Methods, catalysts, and systems for the production of 1,3-butadiene from a reaction mixture including ethylene and gaseous sulfur are described.

Methods, catalysts, and systems for the production of 1,3-butadiene from a reaction mixture including ethylene and gaseous sulfur are described.

A short channel ordered mesoporous carbon loaded indium cobalt sulfide and indium nickel sulfide ternary composite photocatalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. The short channel ordered mesoporous carbon loaded indium cobalt sulfide and indium nickel sulfide ternary composite photocatalyst is prepared by mixing pretreated short channel mesoporous carbon with cobalt salt, nickel salt, indium salt and reducing agent with a hydrothermal reaction. The short channel ordered mesoporous carbon is obtained by calcining a short channel ordered mesoporous silica and a carbon source under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the short channel ordered mesoporous silica is prepared by carrying out reactions of sol-gel-hydrothermal-calcination sequentially using a mixture of a surfactant, a hydrochloric acid solution, ammonium fluoride and tetraethyl orthosilicate. The photocatalyst has strong adsorption and visible light catalytic activity on VOCs, and can effectively adsorb and decompose the enriched VOCs in situ on the surface of the catalyst.