Methods for producing supported catalysts containing a transition metal and a bound zeolite base are disclosed. These methods employ a step of washing the bound zeolite base in the presence of an alkali metal, prior to impregnating the bound zeolitic support with the transition metal. Alkali metals such as potassium and cesium may be used.

The present disclosure provides methods to produce 5-(halomethyl)furfural, including 5-(chloromethyl)furfural, by acid-catalyzed conversion of C6 saccharides, including isomers thereof, polymers thereof, and certain derivatives thereof. The methods make use of acids with lower concentrations, and allows for conversion of sugars into 5-(halomethyl)furfural at higher temperatures and faster reaction or residence times.

The present disclosure provides methods to produce 5-(halomethyl)furfural, including 5-(chloromethyl)furfural, by acid-catalyzed conversion of C6 saccharides, including isomers thereof, polymers thereof, and certain derivatives thereof. The methods make use of acids with lower concentrations, and allows for conversion of sugars into 5-(halomethyl)furfural at higher temperatures and faster reaction or residence times.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

The present invention relates, in part, to the discovery that, during the fluorination of certain fluoroolefin starting reagents, oligomerization/polymerization of such reagents reduces the conversion process and leads to increased catalyst deactivation. The present invention also illustrates that vaporizing such starting reagents in the presence of one or more organic co-feed reduces such oligomerization/polymerization and improves catalytic stability.

The present invention relates, in part, to the discovery that, during the fluorination of certain fluoroolefin starting reagents, oligomerization/polymerization of such reagents reduces the conversion process and leads to increased catalyst deactivation. The present invention also illustrates that vaporizing such starting reagents in the presence of one or more organic co-feed reduces such oligomerization/polymerization and improves catalytic stability.

A preparation method of hollow mesoporous carbon nanosphere composite material loaded with gold nanoparticles includes the following steps: (1) in the presence of an initiator, aniline and pyrrole are polymerized in deionized water containing a surfactant to form hollow carbon precursors, and then calcined to obtain hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres, (2) said hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres are immersed in a chloroauric acid solution, stirred and then centrifuged to remove the liquid, finally, hollow mesoporous carbon nanosphere composite material loaded with gold nanoparticles are obtained by reduction treatment.

A method for the preparation of a composite material including at least silicon nanowires and tin, the method including the use of a tin halide, as a catalyst for preparing silicon nanowires.

Disclosed herein are methods of producing E-CF.sub.3CHCHCF.sub.3 in a liquid phase. Also disclosed are methods of preparing CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CHClCF.sub.3 and CF.sub.3CHClCH.sub.2CCl.sub.3.

Disclosed herein are methods of producing E-CF.sub.3CHCHCF.sub.3 in a liquid phase. Also disclosed are methods of preparing CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CHClCF.sub.3 and CF.sub.3CHClCH.sub.2CCl.sub.3.