In a process for producing a phosphorus-modified zeolite catalyst, an aqueous reaction mixture comprising a source of silica and a source of an organic directing agent effective to direct the synthesis of a desired zeolite is heated at a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce crystals of the desired zeolite. Wet zeolite crystals can then be separated from the reaction mixture and, without removing all the water from the wet zeolite crystals, the zeolite can be converted into the ammonium form by ion exchange, and the crystals can be treated with a phosphorus compound. The phosphorus-treated, ammonium-exchanged zeolite can then be formed into a catalyst to be heated in one or more stages to remove the water and organic directing agent from the zeolite crystals and to convert the zeolite to the hydrogen form.

The present invention provides a method for the preparing of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine, comprising two steps of chlorofluorination reaction and chlorination reaction, the chlorination catalyst used in the chlorination reaction was chosen from a fluoride, an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbonate, or a chloride of magnesium, calcium and barium and a supported palladium catalyst; or under the action of at least one catalyst chosen from ZSM-5, 5A, β and 13× molecular sieves, 3-trifluoromethylpyridine and chlorine gas phase have reaction to obtain 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine. Or, under the action of a catalyst chosen from a fluoride, an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbonate, or a chloride of magnesium, calcium, and barium and a supported palladium catalyst, 3-trifluoromethylpyridine and chlorine gas phase have reaction to obtain 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine. The present invention has the advantages of easily availability and low-cost of raw materials, safe operation, high yield, easy isolation and recovery of catalyst, environmental protection, fast reaction speed and continuous production on a large-scale, etc.

The present invention provides a method for the preparing of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine, comprising two steps of chlorofluorination reaction and chlorination reaction, the chlorination catalyst used in the chlorination reaction was chosen from a fluoride, an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbonate, or a chloride of magnesium, calcium and barium and a supported palladium catalyst; or under the action of at least one catalyst chosen from ZSM-5, 5A, β and 13× molecular sieves, 3-trifluoromethylpyridine and chlorine gas phase have reaction to obtain 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine. Or, under the action of a catalyst chosen from a fluoride, an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbonate, or a chloride of magnesium, calcium, and barium and a supported palladium catalyst, 3-trifluoromethylpyridine and chlorine gas phase have reaction to obtain 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine. The present invention has the advantages of easily availability and low-cost of raw materials, safe operation, high yield, easy isolation and recovery of catalyst, environmental protection, fast reaction speed and continuous production on a large-scale, etc.

A catalyst composition comprising a mixture of (a) a zeolite compound in an amount of from 10% to 60% by weight, wherein the zeolite compound comprises cations selected from Fe.sup.2+, Fe.sup.3+, Cu.sup.+, Cu.sup.2+ or mixtures thereof, and (b) a ceria/zirconia/alumina composite oxide, wherein the alumina content in said composite oxide is in the range of 20 to 80% by weight, in particular of 40 to 60% by weight,
a catalyst comprising such catalyst composition and its use for exhaust gas after-treatment of diesel and lean burn engines.

A catalyst for converting dimethyl ether into light olefins, including ethylene and propylene. The catalyst comprises a mixture of two zeolites, ZSM-5 and ZSM-35, intimately mixed and kept in close proximity in a porous extruded binder system. The resulting combination of zeolites demonstrates a synergistic effect with respect to the conversion of the dimethyl ether and has improved resistance to deactivation due to carbon and coke formation than the individual zeolites alone when operating in this reaction. The catalyst is used to produce ethylene and propylene from a feed mixture containing methanol, dimethyl ether and water.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) which contains a combination of a FCC catalyst component and an additive component with certain physical properties attributed therein. The present invention is also directed to provide methods for the preparation of the catalyst composition for FCC. The admixture of the FCC catalyst component and additive component is used in cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock containing hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight and higher boiling point and/or olefin gasoline naphtha feedstock for producing lower yield of fuel gas without affecting the conversion and yield of general cracking products such as gasoline, propylene and C.sub.4 olefins.

In one embodiment, a formed catalyst can comprise: a Ge-ZSM-5 zeolite; a binder comprising silica with 1 to less than 5 wt % non-silica oxides; less than or equal to 0.1 wt % residual carbon; 0.4 to 1.5 wt % platinum; and 4.0 to 4.8 wt % Cs; wherein the weight percentages are based upon a total weight of the catalyst. In one embodiment, a method of making a formed catalyst can comprise: mixing an uncalcined Ge-ZSM-5 zeolite and a binder to form a mixture; forming the mixture into a formed zeolite; calcining the formed zeolite to result in the formed zeolite having less than or equal to 0.1 wt % of residual carbon; ion-exchanging the formed zeolite with cesium; depositing platinum on the formed zeolite; and heating the formed zeolite to result in a final catalyst; wherein the final catalyst comprises 4.0 to 4.8 wt % cesium and 0.4 to 1.5 wt % platinum.

In one embodiment, a formed catalyst can comprise: a Ge-ZSM-5 zeolite; a binder comprising silica with 1 to less than 5 wt % non-silica oxides; less than or equal to 0.1 wt % residual carbon; 0.4 to 1.5 wt % platinum; and 4.0 to 4.8 wt % Cs; wherein the weight percentages are based upon a total weight of the catalyst. In one embodiment, a method of making a formed catalyst can comprise: mixing an uncalcined Ge-ZSM-5 zeolite and a binder to form a mixture; forming the mixture into a formed zeolite; calcining the formed zeolite to result in the formed zeolite having less than or equal to 0.1 wt % of residual carbon; ion-exchanging the formed zeolite with cesium; depositing platinum on the formed zeolite; and heating the formed zeolite to result in a final catalyst; wherein the final catalyst comprises 4.0 to 4.8 wt % cesium and 0.4 to 1.5 wt % platinum.

Provided are zeolite catalysts that allow reactions to proceed at temperatures as low as possible when lower olefins are produced from hydrocarbon feedstocks with low boiling points such as light naphtha, make it possible to make propylene yield higher than ethylene yield in the production of lower olefins, and have long lifetime. The zeolite catalysts are used in the production of lower olefins from hydrocarbon feedstocks with low boiling points such as light naphtha. The zeolite catalysts are MFI-type crystalline aluminosilicates containing iron atoms and have molar ratios of iron atoms to total moles of iron atoms and aluminum atoms in the range from 0.4 to 0.7. The use of the zeolite catalysts make it possible to increase propylene yield, to lower reaction temperatures, and to extend catalyst lifetime.

Methods use a catalytic composition built up from a ceramic material including a catalytic material and a first inorganic binder and a second inorganic binder and a catalytic structure made thereof. Preferably, the structure is made by a colloidal ceramic shaping technique. The structure is used for catalytic or ion exchange applications. The catalytic structures have excellent mechanical, physicochemical and catalytic properties.