Highly quantitative methods for determining the concentration of residual phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) in radiotracer or radiopharmaceutical doses are described. The methods comprise mixing aliquots of the doses that can contain residual PTCs with a sodium and/or potassium salt; extracting a residual PTC/salt complex into an organic phase; and detecting the amount of PTC/salt complex in the organic phase. The detecting can involve visual colorimetry or measuring the absorbance or transmittance of the organic phase when the sodium and/or potassium salt comprises a chromophoric ion, or measuring the resistance of the organic phase. Also described are devices for use in performing the methods.

A method for producing a sulfoxide derivative represented by general formula (1), ##STR00001##
the method being characterized in that a sulfide derivative represented by general formula (2) ##STR00002##
is reacted with an oxidizing agent in the presence of a catalyst that is a metal-ligand complex containing a metal compound and, as a ligand, a compound represented by general formula (3), ##STR00003##
and in the presence of a benzoic acid compound represented by general formula (4) ##STR00004##

Provided herein are cinchonium betaine catalysts and methods of promoting asymmetric butenolide isomerization reactions using the same.

The present invention relates to the application of lithium 4-methoxyaniline in catalysis of the hydroboration reaction of an imine and a borane. A catalyst, a borane and an imine are successively stirred and mixed until uniform, reacted for 1 to 2 hours, and then exposed to air so as to stop the reaction, and the reaction liquid is subjected to decompression to remove a solvent therein, so as to obtain a borate with different substituents. The lithium 4-methoxyaniline disclosed in the present invention can catalyze the hydroboration reaction of an imine and a borane in a high activity manner at room temperature, wherein the amount of the catalyst is merely 4-5 mol % of the molar amount of the imine, and the yield of the reaction can reach 90% or more. The yield of a borate with different substituents can reach 99% with mild reaction conditions under an optimized condition.

This invention relates to novel catalyst compositions based on Ruthenium- or Osmium-based complex catalysts of the Grubbs-Hoveyda, Grela or Zhan type and specific co-catalysts comprising at least one vinyl group, pref. ethyl vinyl ether, and to a process for selectively hydrogenating nitrile rubbers in the presence of such catalyst compositions, preferably with a preceding metathesis step using the same complex catalyst as in the hydrogenation step.

The disclosure relates to a method for forming aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds and to photoreactors useful in these and other light-driven reactions. The method comprises contacting an aryl halide with an amine in the presence of a Ni salt catalyst solution and an optional base, thereby forming a reaction mixture; exposing the reaction mixture to light under reaction condition sufficient to produce the aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds. In certain embodiments, the amine may be present in a molar excess to the aryl halide. In certain embodiments, the Ni salt catalyst solution includes a Ni(II) salt and a polar solvent, wherein the Ni(II) salt is dissolved in the polar solvent. In certain embodiments, the reactions conditions include holding the reaction mixture at between about room temperature and about 80 C. for between about 1 hour and about 20 hours such that at least about 50% yield is obtained.

A process for the selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated compounds containing at least 2 carbon atoms per molecule, contained in a hydrocarbon feedstock having a final boiling point below or equal to 300 C. in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alumina support and an active phase comprising nickel, said active phase not comprising a metal from Group VIB, said catalyst being prepared by a process comprising at least: i) a step of bringing said support into contact with at least one solution containing at least one nickel precursor; ii) a step of bringing said support into contact with at least one solution containing at least one organic compound comprising at least one carboxylic acid function; iii) a step of drying said impregnated support at a temperature below 250 C.;
steps i) and ii) being carried out separately, in any order.

The present invention is directed to reaction mixtures comprising a water-surfactant mixture, wherein the catalyst comprises a compound with solubilizing groups. This technology improves the solubility of the reaction components in the water-surfactant mixture and thereby, greatly increases the productivity and selectivity of the chemical reaction.

The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanate containing alkoxysilane groups, in which, in the sequence of steps A) to D),

A) haloalkylalkoxysilane is reacted with metal cyanate and alcohol to give alkoxysilanoalkylurethane,
B) alkoxysilanoalkylurethane is freed of low boilers, solids, salt burdens and/or high boilers and optionally purified,
C) alkoxysilanoalkylurethane obtained after B) is thermally cleaved to release isocyanate containing alkoxysilane groups and by-product, leaving bottoms material, and
D) isocyanate containing alkoxysilane groups and by-product are separated from one another and from cleavage bottoms material and collected,
wherein the process regime at least of steps C) to D) is continuous.

The present invention discloses processes for producing normal alpha olefins, such as 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, and 1-dodecene in a multistep synthesis scheme from another normal alpha olefin. Also disclosed are reactions for converting aldehydes, primary alcohols, and terminal vicinal diols into normal alpha olefins.