The present invention relates to a catalyst having surface-modified metal nanoparticles immobilized in a stationary phase in which a polymer electrolyte membrane is formed, and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst of the present invention may be used in a process for producing hydrogen peroxide by direct synthesis from oxygen and hydrogen.

The present invention relates to a catalyst having surface-modified metal nanoparticles immobilized in a stationary phase in which a polymer electrolyte membrane is formed, and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst of the present invention may be used in a process for producing hydrogen peroxide by direct synthesis from oxygen and hydrogen.

A problem of the present invention is to provide a solid polymer membrane electrode capable of obtaining electrolyzed hydrogen water in which an increase of the pH is suppressed and which has a sufficient dissolved-hydrogen amount. The present invention is concerned with a solid polymer membrane electrode for generating electrolyzed water, wherein the solid polymer membrane electrode includes a solid polymer membrane and catalyst layers containing a platinum group metal and provided on the back and front of the solid polymer membrane; and the solid polymer membrane is a hydrocarbon-based cation exchange membrane and has an ion exchange capacity per unit area of 0.002 mmol/cm.sup.2 or more and 0.030 mmol/cm.sup.2 or less.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a formic acid including, a first step of allowing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to react with each other in a solution containing a solvent and a catalyst dissolved in the solvent and in the presence of an amine insoluble in the solvent, and allowing a generated formic acid to adsorb to the amine, in which the catalyst contains at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of metal elements belonging to Groups 8, 9, and 10 of a periodic table and the amine is an amine immobilized on a solid.

A method for forming a carbon-carbon bond, wherein a reaction is performed by filling a platinum group metal-supported catalyst into a filling container, and passing a raw material liquid through the platinum group metal-supported catalyst in a continuous circulation manner, and wherein the platinum group metal-supported catalyst is a platinum group metal-supported catalyst in which nanoparticles of a platinum group metal with an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm are supported on a non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger formed of a continuous framework phase and a continuous pore phase.

A system and method for removing acetaldehyde from an acetic acid system are disclosed. The method includes, providing a light-ends stream, comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetaldehyde, methyl iodide, methyl acetate, water, acetic acid, or mixtures thereof; condensing the light-ends stream to form one or more liquid phase compositions and a vapor phase composition, comprising a majority of the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and a minor portion of the acetaldehyde, methyl iodide, water, and acetic acid; contacting the vapor phase composition with a solvent to produce a liquid stream, comprising methyl iodide, acetaldehyde, and a portion of the solvent; and contacting the liquid stream, and optionally a polyol compound, with an acid catalyst to convert a portion of the acetaldehyde to an aldehyde derivative having a higher boiling point than acetaldehyde.

A system and method for removing acetaldehyde from an acetic acid system are disclosed. The method includes, providing a light-ends stream, comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetaldehyde, methyl iodide, methyl acetate, water, acetic acid, or mixtures thereof; condensing the light-ends stream to form one or more liquid phase compositions and a vapor phase composition, comprising a majority of the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and a minor portion of the acetaldehyde, methyl iodide, water, and acetic acid; contacting the vapor phase composition with a solvent to produce a liquid stream, comprising methyl iodide, acetaldehyde, and a portion of the solvent; and contacting the liquid stream, and optionally a polyol compound, with an acid catalyst to convert a portion of the acetaldehyde to an aldehyde derivative having a higher boiling point than acetaldehyde.

This invention provides supported catalysts comprising a carrier, phosphorus, at least one Group VI metal, at least one Group VIII metal, and a polymer. In the catalyst, the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VI metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, the molar ratio of the Group VI metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, and the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises functional groups having at least one heteroatom. Also provided are a process for preparing such supported catalysts, as well as methods for hydrotreating, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization, using supported catalysts.

There are provided a method of producing a carbonyl compound by a flow type reaction, including introducing a triphosgene solution into a flow channel (I), bringing the triphosgene solution into contact with a solid catalyst immobilized in at least a part of the flow channel (I) to generate a phosgene solution while the triphosgene solution is flowing through the flow channel (I), joining the phosgene solution and an active hydrogen-containing compound solution that flows inside the flow channel (II), which are subsequently allowed to flow downstream inside a reaction flow channel to be reacted in a presence of a tertiary amine, and obtaining a carbonyl compound in a joining solution; and a flow type reaction system that is suitable for carrying out this production method.

A system and method for removing acetaldehyde from an acetic acid system, including providing a solution from the acetic acid system, the stream having methyl iodide and acetaldehyde, distilling the solution to produce an overhead stream having a higher concentration of acetaldehyde, contacting the overhead stream, and optionally a hydroxyl compound, with an acid catalyst to convert the acetaldehyde to an aldehyde derivative having a higher boiling point than acetaldehyde.