A system and method for removing acetaldehyde from an acetic acid system, including providing a solution from the acetic acid system, the stream having methyl iodide and acetaldehyde, distilling the solution to produce an overhead stream having a higher concentration of acetaldehyde, contacting the overhead stream, and optionally a hydroxyl compound, with an acid catalyst to convert the acetaldehyde to an aldehyde derivative having a higher boiling point than acetaldehyde.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic ester, wherein the risk of polymerization blockage is reduced and the required equipment cost and workload involved are kept low while maintaining a high conversion rate in an esterification reaction of unsaturated carboxylic acid. This object can be achieved by a method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic ester, which includes performing an esterification reaction using a reactor packed with a solid catalyst, wherein unsaturated carboxylic acid and alcohol are continuously fed to the reactor from an inlet thereof to form a fluid of the reaction solution in the reactor, and the vaporized organic solvent is continuously fed to the reactor from the inlet or a part near the inlet of the reactor.

A process for continuous production of C.sub.2-C.sub.4-monoalkanolamines by reaction of a corresponding C.sub.2-C.sub.4-alkylene oxide with a molar excess of ammonia (NH.sub.3), wherein aqueous ammonia is employed, in the liquid phase and in the presence of an acidic cation exchanger as catalyst which contains a crosslinked copolymer comprising acidic functional groups as the carrier matrix, wherein the cation exchanger has a total exchange capacity of not less than 1.8 eq/L.

A process for continuous production of C.sub.2-C.sub.4-monoalkanolamines by reaction of a corresponding C.sub.2-C.sub.4-alkylene oxide with a molar excess of ammonia (NH.sub.3), wherein aqueous ammonia is employed, in the liquid phase and in the presence of an acidic cation exchanger as catalyst which contains a crosslinked copolymer comprising acidic functional groups as the carrier matrix, wherein the cation exchanger has a total exchange capacity of not less than 1.8 eq/L.

The present invention provides organofunctional siloxane coupling agents, dipodal siloxanes, siloxane block copolymers and a specific method for preparing these organofunctional siloxanes through an addition reaction of hydrido alkoxysilane and organofunctional disiloxanes to an organocyclosiloxane with a catalyst. The addition reaction of the current invention does not result in polymerization and therefore the novel siloxane couplings agents are free of cyclosiloxanes and polymeric siloxanes. This makes them apt for adhesives, coatings and sealant applications. The present invention also relates to the use of these organofunctional siloxane compounds for the treatment of fillers and surfaces.

The present invention provides organofunctional siloxane coupling agents, dipodal siloxanes, siloxane block copolymers and a specific method for preparing these organofunctional siloxanes through an addition reaction of hydrido alkoxysilane and organofunctional disiloxanes to an organocyclosiloxane with a catalyst. The addition reaction of the current invention does not result in polymerization and therefore the novel siloxane couplings agents are free of cyclosiloxanes and polymeric siloxanes. This makes them apt for adhesives, coatings and sealant applications. The present invention also relates to the use of these organofunctional siloxane compounds for the treatment of fillers and surfaces.

A method for producing acetic acid can improve the life of a silver-substituted ion exchange resin for removing organic iodine compounds in acetic acid. In a carbonylation process of a methanol method, an acetic acid distillation step has at least one distillation step of carrying out the purification of an acetic acid stream under conditions of a column bottom temperature of a distillation column of less than 175° C., a nickel base alloy or zirconium is used as a material of the distillation column in the distillation step, and as metal ion concentrations in a charging mixture of the distillation column in the distillation step, an iron ion concentration is less than 10,000 ppb by mass, a chromium ion concentration is less than 5,000 ppb by mass, a nickel ion concentration is less than 3,000 ppb by mass, and a molybdenum ion concentration is less than 2,000 ppb by mass.

A process for continuous production of C.sub.2-C.sub.4-monoalkanolamines by reaction of a corresponding C.sub.2-C.sub.4-alkylene oxide with a molar excess of ammonia (NH.sub.3), wherein aqueous ammonia is employed, in the liquid phase and in the presence of an acidic cation exchanger as catalyst which contains a crosslinked copolymer comprising acidic functional groups as the carrier matrix, wherein the cation exchanger has a total exchange capacity of not less than 1.8 eq/L.

A process for continuous production of C.sub.2-C.sub.4-monoalkanolamines by reaction of a corresponding C.sub.2-C.sub.4-alkylene oxide with a molar excess of ammonia (NH.sub.3), wherein aqueous ammonia is employed, in the liquid phase and in the presence of an acidic cation exchanger as catalyst which contains a crosslinked copolymer comprising acidic functional groups as the carrier matrix, wherein the cation exchanger has a total exchange capacity of not less than 1.8 eq/L.

Provided is a method of preparing L-homoserine, the method including contacting an L-homoserine derivative with a solid acid catalyst.