The present disclosure relates to scalable processes for extracting, refining and fracationating extracts of natural products, such as plant material and for providing well controlled refined extracts.

A vinylpyridine resin for a catalyst support; a method for producing thereof; and a catalyst for carbonylation of methanol are disclosed. The vinylpyridine resin has: content of nitrogen derived from a pyridine group of 3.00% by mass or more and 8.00% by mass or less; degree of crosslinking of 35% by mole or more and 70% by mole or less; molar ratio C/N of carbon atoms to nitrogen atoms of 12.00 or more and 36.00 or less; total pore volume of 0.20 cc/g or more and 0.45 cc/g or less; specific surface area of 70.0 m.sup.2/g or more and 280 m.sup.2/g or less; average pore diameter of 5.0 nm or more and 25.0 nm or less; and proportion of a volume of pores having a pore diameter of 10 nm or more to a volume of the whole pores of 4.0% or more and 90.0% or less.

The invention provides ionic polymers (IP) consisting of anions and a polymeric backbone containing cations. The invention also provides the ionic polymers incorporated in membranes or attached to solid supports and use of the ionic polymers in processing of biomass.

The invention provides ionic polymers (IP) consisting of anions and a polymeric backbone containing cations. The invention also provides the ionic polymers incorporated in membranes or attached to solid supports and use of the ionic polymers in processing of biomass.

A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst are presented. The catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst and includes active metal halides bonded to functional groups. The functional groups are bonded to a polymeric backbone to form the structure supporting the catalyst. The catalyst is useful for the dimerization of acetylene to convert the acetylene to a larger hydrocarbon, and in particular to dimerize acetylene to vinylacetylene.

A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst are presented. The catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst and includes active metal halides bonded to functional groups. The functional groups are bonded to a polymeric backbone to form the structure supporting the catalyst. The catalyst is useful for the dimerization of acetylene to convert the acetylene to a larger hydrocarbon, and in particular to dimerize acetylene to vinylacetylene.

The present specification provides a method of preparing a heterogeneous linear carbonate, including transesterifying an aliphatic alcohol and a symmetric linear carbonate in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is a porous type basic ion exchange resin having an exchange capacity of 1 (eq/l-wet resin) or more and 1.5 (eq/l-wet resin) or less. The preparation method of the present specification provides a method of preparing a heterogeneous, symmetric linear carbonate and asymmetric linear carbonate in high yield without a process of reactive distillation.

The present specification provides a method of preparing a heterogeneous linear carbonate, including transesterifying an aliphatic alcohol and a symmetric linear carbonate in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is a porous type basic ion exchange resin having an exchange capacity of 1 (eq/l-wet resin) or more and 1.5 (eq/l-wet resin) or less. The preparation method of the present specification provides a method of preparing a heterogeneous, symmetric linear carbonate and asymmetric linear carbonate in high yield without a process of reactive distillation.

A process for producing an organic acid ester-type liquid is disclosed which is a process for removing an organic peroxide contained in an organic acid ester-type liquid which is a solvent of a resist for producing electronic parts or an organic acid ester-type liquid which is a rinsing liquid for producing electronic parts, which comprises contacting the organic acid ester-type liquid with a platinum group metal catalyst to remove the organic peroxide in the organic acid ester-type liquid, and a resist solvent for producing electronic parts or a rinsing liquid for producing electronic parts which comprises an organic acid ester-type liquid in which an organic peroxide contained therein has been removed by using the producing process and a peroxide value (POV) thereof is 2 mmoL/kg or less.

A process for producing an organic acid ester-type liquid is disclosed which is a process for removing an organic peroxide contained in an organic acid ester-type liquid which is a solvent of a resist for producing electronic parts or an organic acid ester-type liquid which is a rinsing liquid for producing electronic parts, which comprises contacting the organic acid ester-type liquid with a platinum group metal catalyst to remove the organic peroxide in the organic acid ester-type liquid, and a resist solvent for producing electronic parts or a rinsing liquid for producing electronic parts which comprises an organic acid ester-type liquid in which an organic peroxide contained therein has been removed by using the producing process and a peroxide value (POV) thereof is 2 mmoL/kg or less.