The present disclosure relates to an alumina having a surface area in the range of 330-400 m.sup.2/g, a pore volume in the range of 1.2-1.7 cc/g, and an average pore diameter in the range of 125-160 . The present disclosure also relates to alumina extrudates having a diameter in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm, a surface area in the range of 300-360 m.sup.2/g, a pore volume in the range of 0.8-1.3 cc/g and pore diameter in the range of 90-130 with a crushing strength in the range of 1-2.5 daN/mm. Further, the present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of alumina and alumina extrudates. The alumina extrudates can be used as a support for catalyst preparation or as a catalyst or adsorbent in various processes. The process of the present disclosure enhances metal loading capacity, has better metal dispersion, and exhibit delay in deactivation of the catalyst due to mouth pore plugging.

The invention relates to a process for methanol synthesis comprising the steps of providing a syngas feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides selected from carbon dioxide or a mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, wherein carbon dioxide represents from 1 to 50 mol % of the total molar content of the feed stream, carbon monoxide is contained from 0 to 85 mol % of the total molar content, and H.sub.2 is comprised from 5 to 95 mol % of the total molar content of the feed stream, and a catalyst comprising indium oxide (In.sub.2O.sub.3) on a support wherein the support comprises zirconium dioxide or is zirconium dioxide; putting in contact said stream with said supported catalyst at a reaction temperature of at least 373 K (99.85 C.) and under a pressure ranging of at least 1 MPa; and recovering the methanol effluents. The invention also relates to a supported indium oxide catalyst.

A process for preparing a catalyst includes impregnating a metal oxide carrier with an aqueous solution to form an impregnated carrier; drying the impregnated carrier to form a dried, impregnated carrier; and heat-treating the dried, impregnated carrier in air to form the catalyst; wherein: the aqueous solution includes a copper salt; and from about 3 wt % to about 15 wt % of a C.sub.3-C.sub.6 multifunctional carboxylic acid; and the catalyst includes from about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % copper oxide.

A carbon material for a catalyst carrier of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell a porous carbon material with a three-dimensionally branched three-dimensional dendritic structure, has a branch diameter of 81 nm or less, and simultaneously satisfies conditions (A) and (B) whereby: (A) a BET specific surface area S.sub.BET is from 400 to 1500 m.sup.2/g; and (B) with respect to a relationship between a mercury pressure P.sub.Hg and a mercury absorption amount V.sub.Hg measured by mercury porosimetry, an increment V.sub.Hg:4.3-4.8 of the measured mercury absorption amount V.sub.Hg is from 0.82 to 1.50 cc/g in a case in which the common logarithm Log P.sub.Hg of the mercury pressure P.sub.Hg has increased from 4.3 to 4.8. A method of producing this kind of a carbon material for a catalyst carrier is also provided.

The invention relates to a process for methanol synthesis comprising the steps of providing a syngas feed stream comprising hydrogen and a mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, wherein carbon dioxide represents from 1 to 50 mol % of the total molar content of the feed stream, carbon monoxide is contained from 0.1 to 85 mol % of the total molar content, and H.sub.2 is comprised from 5 to 95 mol % of the total molar content of the feed stream; providing an indium oxide catalyst selected from a bulk catalyst and a supported catalyst comprising indium oxide (In.sub.2O.sub.3) as the main active phase; putting in contact said stream with said catalyst at a reaction temperature of at least 373 K (99.85 C.) and under a pressure ranging of at least 1 MPa; and recovering the methanol effluents. The invention also relates to an indium oxide based catalyst.

The present invention relates to a method of making a support material composition comprising an Mg/Al oxide, a cerium oxide and at least another rare earth element oxide, to a support material composition and to the use of the support material composition as a nitrogen oxide storage component within a catalyst for treating exhaust gases to reduce NOx content.

Embodiments of processes and multiple-stage catalyst systems for producing propylene comprising introducing a hydrocarbon stream comprising 2-butene to an isomerization catalyst zone to isomerize the 2-butene to 1-butene, passing the 2-butene and 1-butene to a metathesis catalyst zone to cross-metathesize the 2-butene and 1-butene into a metathesis product stream comprising propylene and C.sub.4-C.sub.6 olefins, and cracking the metathesis product stream in a catalyst cracking zone to produce propylene. The isomerization catalyst zone comprises a silica-alumina catalyst with a ratio by weight of alumina to silica from 1:99 to 20:80. The metathesis catalyst comprises a mesoporous silica catalyst support impregnated with metal oxide. The catalyst cracking zone comprises a mordenite framework inverted (MFI) structured silica catalyst.

Disclosed are processes for conversion of a feedstock comprising C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to lighter aromatic products in which the feedstock and optionally hydrogen are contacted in the presence of a first and a second catalyst composition under conversion conditions effective to produce said lighter aromatic products comprising benzene, toluene and xylene. In the process, the C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons are dealkylated to form C.sub.6-C.sub.7 aromatic hydrocarbon and the C.sub.2+ olefins formed are saturated. The remaining C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons are transalkylated with the C.sub.6-C.sub.7 aromatic hydrocarbon. The first and second catalyst compositions each comprise a zeolite, a first metal, and optionally a second metal, and are treated with a source of sulfur and/or a source of steam.

Organosilica materials, which are a polymer of at least one independent monomer of Formula [Z.sup.1OZ.sup.2OSiCH.sub.2].sub.3 (I), wherein each Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group or a bond to a silicon atom of another monomer and at least one other trivalent metal oxide monomer are provided herein. Methods of preparing and processes of using the organosilica materials, e.g., for catalysis etc., are also provided herein.

Embodiments of processes for producing propylene utilize a dual catalyst system comprising a mesoporous silica catalyst impregnated with metal oxide and a mordenite framework inverted (MFI) structured silica catalyst downstream of the mesoporous silica catalyst, where the mesoporous silica catalyst includes a pore size distribution of at least 2.5 nm to 40 nm and a total pore volume of at least 0.600 cm.sup.3/g, and the MFI structured silica catalyst has a total acidity of 0.001 mmol/g to 0.1 mmol/g. The propylene is produced from the butene stream via metathesis by contacting the mesoporous silica catalyst and subsequent cracking by contacting the MFI structured silica catalyst.