The invention pertains to the field of catalysts. Disclosed is a method for preparing an oxygen reduction catalyst employing graphite of a negative electrode of a waste battery. The method comprises the following steps: (1) recovering graphite slag from a waste battery, then performing heat treatment on the graphite slag; (2) performing ball-milling and mixing on the treated graphite slag, an iron salt, and a nitrogenous organic compound to acquire a catalyst precursor; (3) performing carbonization treatment on the catalyst precursor in an inert gas atmosphere to acquire a carbon-based mixture comprising iron and nitrogen; and (4) dissolving the carbon-based mixture comprising iron and nitrogen in an acid solution, performing filtration and drying, performing carbonization treatment again in an inert gas atmosphere, so as to acquire an oxygen reduction catalyst employing graphite of a negative electrode of a waste battery. The invention uses graphite slag generated in a recovery process of a waste lithium ion battery as a raw material. The graphite slag is widely available, and has low costs. The invention reduces environmental pollution, and has economic benefits.

Disclosed are metal nitride photoctalyst particles and/or metal oxynitride photocatalyst particles having high dispersibility. The metal nitride photoctalyst particles and/or metal oxynitride photocatalyst particles having high dispersibility can be obtained by containing metal nitride photoctalyst particles and/or metal oxynitride photocatalyst particles, which are capable of splitting water under visible light irradiation, and a phosphoric acid polymer that is adsorbed on the surface of the particles. Further, because these particles have high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, splitting water by using these particles can generate hydrogen and/or oxygen with high efficiency.

The present invention pertains to a catalyst for use in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides comprising a monolithic substrate and a coating A, which comprises an oxidic metal carrier comprising an oxide of titanium and a catalytic metal oxide which comprises an oxide of vanadium wherein the mass ratio vanadium/titanium is 0.07 to 0.26.

A oxygen transfer agent useful for the oxidative dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons includes at least one mixed oxide derived from manganese or compounds thereof, as well as a promoter, such as tungsten and/or phosphorus. The oxygen transfer agent may also include an alkali metal or compounds thereof, boron or compounds thereof, an oxide of an alkaline earth metal, and an oxide containing one or more of one or more of manganese, lithium, boron, and magnesium. A reactor is at least partially filled with the oxygen transfer agent in the form of a fixed or circulating bed and provides an unsaturated hydrocarbon product, such as ethylene and/or propylene. The oxygen transfer agent may be regenerated using oxygen.

An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, the exhaust system comprising, a lean NO.sub.x trap (LNT), a wall flow monolithic substrate having a NO.sub.x storage and reduction zone thereon, the wall flow monolithic substrate having a pre-coated porosity of 40% or greater, the NO.sub.x storage and reduction zone comprising a platinum group metal loaded on a first support, the first support comprising one or more alkaline earth metal compounds, a mixed magnesium/aluminium oxide, cerium oxide, and at least one base metal oxide selected the group consisting of copper oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide and zinc oxide.

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and compositions for providing catalysts for tail gas clean up in sulfur recovery operations. Aspects of the disclosure involve obtaining catalyst that was used in a first process, which is not a tailgas treating process and then using the so-obtained catalyst in a tailgas treating process. For example, the catalyst may originally be a hydroprocessing catalyst. A beneficial aspect of the disclosed methods and systems is that the re-use of spent hydroprocessing catalyst reduces hazardous waste generation by operators from spent catalyst disposal. Ultimately, this helps reduce the environmental impact of the catalyst life cycle. The disclosed methods and systems also provide an economically attractive source of high-performance catalyst for tailgas treatment, which benefits the spent catalyst generator, the catalyst provider, and the catalyst consumer.

A catalyst fibrous structure having a catalyst metal carried on a fibrous structure, wherein (a) a Log differential micropore volume distribution curve thereof obtained by measurement using a mercury intrusion technique has a peak having a maximum micropore diameter in the range of from 0.1 μm to 100 μm; (b) a Log differential micropore volume at the peak is 0.5 mL/g or more; and (c) an amount of a catalyst metal compound and a binder carried per unit volume is 0.05 g/mL or more. A production method for producing a catalyst fibrous structure having: (1) mixing a catalyst metal compound or a catalyst precursor, and an inorganic binder and a solvent; (2) grinding the mixture to obtain a coating material of the catalyst metal compound or the catalyst precursor having a median particle diameter of 2 μm or less and a viscosity of from 10 mPa.Math.s to 200 mPa.Math.s; (3) impregnating a fibrous structure with the coating material to fill up voids of the fibrous structure with the coating material of the catalyst metal compound or the catalyst precursor; (4) heating and drying the fibrous structure, directly as it is, at a temperature not lower than the boiling point of the solvent; and (5) heating and calcination the dried fibrous structure at a temperature not lower than the dehydration temperature of the inorganic binder to obtain a catalyst fibrous structure.

A process for reducing haze in a heavy base oil includes: obtaining a first effluent oil by contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock with a first catalyst including a zeolite of the ZSM-12 family; and obtaining a second effluent oil by contacting the first effluent oil with a second catalyst including a zeolite of the ZSM-48 family. A hydroisomerization catalyst system having reduced haze includes: a first catalytic region having a first catalyst disposed therein, the first catalyst including a zeolite of the ZSM-12 family; and a second catalytic region having a second catalyst disposed therein, the second catalyst including a zeolite of the ZSM-48 family. The first catalytic region is disposed upstream of the second catalytic region.

The present invention refers to processes for obtaining steam reforming catalysts containing nickel, cerium, lanthanum and copper oxides, free from potassium or alkali metals, preferably with the oxide layer being located externally with a thickness of less than 0.5 mm on the support particle, preferably the support being based on alumina, magnesium aluminate, hexaaluminates or mixtures thereof. The catalysts according to present invention show high activity, resistance to thermal deactivation and resistance to coke accumulation in the steam reforming reaction of hydrocarbons.

The sunlight active composite photocatalyst for water purification includes ZnO (zinc oxide) and Co.sub.3O.sub.4 (cobalt II, III oxide). The composite photocatalyst may, in the presence of natural sunlight, achieve complete mineralization of chemical and biological contaminants in water without leaving any hazardous by-products. The composite photocatalyst may be synthesized by a sol gel route or process.