A catalyst containing, as an essential component, molybdenum; bismuth; and cobalt, in which a sum (S) of ratios of peak intensities expressed by the following formula in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by using CuKα rays as an X-ray source is 42 or more and 113 or less.

S={(peak intensity at 2θ=14.1°±0.1°+(peak intensity at 2θ=25.4°±0.1°)+(peak intensity at 2θ=28.5°±0.1°)}/(peak intensity at 2θ=26.5°±0.1°)×100

A catalyst containing, as an essential component, molybdenum; bismuth; and cobalt, in which, with respect to a peak intensity at 2θ=25.3°±0.2° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by using CuKα rays as an X-ray source, a changing rate (Q1) per 1000 hours of reaction time represented by the following formulae (1) to (4) is 16 or less.

Q1={(U1/F1−1)×100}/T×1000  (1)

F1=(peak intensity of catalyst before oxidation reaction at 2θ=25.3°±)0.2°/(peak intensity of catalyst before oxidation reaction at 2θ=26.5°±0.2°)×100  (2)

U1=(peak intensity of catalyst after oxidation reaction at 2θ=25.3°±0.2°)/(peak intensity of catalyst after oxidation reaction at 2θ=26.5°±0.2°)×100  (3)

T=time (hr) during which oxidation reaction is carried out  (4)

A catalyst has a carrier and a hydrogenation active metal component supported on the carrier. The hydrogenation active metal component contains at least one Group VIB metal component and at least one Group VIII metal component, and the carrier is composed of phosphorus-containing alumina. When the hydrogenation catalyst is measured using a hydrogen temperature programmed reduction method (H.sub.2-TPR), the ratio of the peak height of the low-temperature reduction peak, P.sub.low-temp peak, at a temperature of 300-500° C. to the peak height of the high-temperature reduction peak, P.sub.hi-temp peak, at a temperature of 650-850° C., i.e. S=P.sub.low-temp peak/P.sub.hi-temp peak, is 0.5-2.0; preferably 0.7-1.9, and more preferably 0.8-1.8. The hydrogenation catalyst shows excellent heteroatom removal effect and excellent stability when used in hydrotreatment.

The present invention relates to a selective catalytic reduction catalyst for the treatment of an exhaust gas of a diesel engine comprising: a flow-through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough; a coating disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the substrate, wherein the coating comprises a non-zeolitic oxidic material comprising manganese and one or more of the metals of the groups 4 to 11 and 13 of the periodic table, and further comprises one or more of a vanadium oxide and a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron.

The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a mixture of AFX-structure and BEA-structure zeolites and at least one additional transition metal, to the process for preparing same and to the use thereof for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx in the presence of a reducing agent such as NH.sub.3 or H.sub.2.

The present invention relates to a process for the calcination of a zeolitic material, wherein said process comprises the steps of (i) providing a zeolitic material comprising YO.sub.2 and optionally further comprising X.sub.2O.sub.3 in its framework structure in the form of a powder and/or of a suspension of the zeolitic material in a liquid, wherein Y stands for a tetravalent element and X stands for a trivalent element; (ii) atomization of the powder and/or of the suspension of the zeolitic material provided in (i) in a gas stream for obtaining an aerosol; (iii) calcination of the aerosol obtained in (ii) for obtaining a calcined powder; as well as to a zeolitic material obtainable and/or obtained according the inventive process, and to its use as a molecular sieve, as an adsorbent, for ion-exchange, as a catalyst, and/or as a catalyst support.

A process for preparing a powder support containing alumina and silica or their derivatives for a catalyst of a Fischer-Tropsch type reaction, including stage (a) of preparing a first reactant containing an alumina compound or precursor including a reaction for peptization of an alumina compound or precursor in the presence of an acid, to form solid particles in suspension, stage (b) of preparing a second reactant based on silicic acid and/or on a compound or precursor of silicic acid, including a controlled aging treatment of the silicic acid targeted at its polymerization up to a degree of conversion of the silicic acid of at most 70%, stage (c) of mixing the two reactants in a mixer, and the pH of the first reactant is adjusted to a value not exceeding a given maximum pH threshold.

This disclosure relates to red mud compositions. This disclosure also relates to methods of making red mud compositions. This disclosure additionally relates to methods of using red mud compositions.

A method includes supplying a gas containing acrolein to a fixed bed reactor including a reaction tube to produce acrylic acid by vapor phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein. The reaction tube is packed with catalysts having different activities in such a way that catalyst layers are formed in a tube axis direction. A catalyst X having the highest activity among the catalysts contained in all the catalyst layers is placed in the whole or a part of a section up to 30% of a length of all the catalyst layers from a rearmost portion on a gas outlet side toward a gas inlet side. A catalytically active component x in the catalyst X has Mo, V, and optionally Cu. When Cu is included, its amount is 0.8 mol or less per 12 mol of Mo. A specific surface area of the catalytically active component x is 15-40 m.sup.2/g.

The present invention relates to the field of catalytic cracking, and discloses a composition capable of reducing CO and NOx emissions, the preparation method and use thereof, and a fluidized catalytic cracking method. The inventive composition capable of reducing CO and NOx emissions comprises an inorganic oxide carrier, and a first metal element, optionally a second metal element, optionally a third metal element and optionally a fourth metal element supported on the inorganic oxide carrier, wherein the first metal element includes Fe and Co, and wherein the weight ratio of Fe to Co is 1:(0.1-10) on an oxide basis. The inventive composition has better hydrothermal stability and higher activity of reducing CO and NOx emissions in the flue gas from the regeneration.