A nitrogen-containing carbon material includes carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and halogen atoms. The nitrogen-containing carbon material has a ratio of a number of moles of pyridinic nitrogen atoms to a total number of moles of the nitrogen atoms that is higher than 59% and a total content ratio of the nitrogen atoms with respect to the nitrogen-containing carbon material that is 7 at % or higher. The nitrogen-containing carbon material includes a fused polycyclic aromatic moiety formed by condensation of three or more aromatic rings, and the fused polycyclic aromatic moiety includes a partial structure for two pyridinic nitrogen atoms to be linked to each other through two carbon atoms.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with cobalt nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein d.sub.p, the average diameter of cobalt nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between cobalt nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein d.sub.p, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 d.sub.p/ω>D≥0.25 d.sub.p/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

An ionic liquid catalyst and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The ionic liquid catalyst includes a carrier. The carrier contains nickel ferrite as a component, and an outer surface of the carrier is modified to have a decolorant and a degradation agent. The decolorant is grafted onto nickel atoms of the carrier, and the degradation agent is grafted onto iron atoms of the carrier. The method includes: providing the carrier that contains nickel ferrite as a component; and modifying the carrier, so that the nickel atoms of the carrier are grafted with the decolorant and the iron atoms of the carrier are grafted with the degradation agent. Accordingly, the ionic liquid catalyst is obtained.

A method for removing organic pollutants from water bodies by activating persulfate with nutrient-enhanced soybean sprout-based biochar involves a method for removing organic pollutants from water bodies by activating persulfate with biochar. The invention is intended to solve the technical problems that existing biochar materials show poor catalytic activity when used for activating persulfate and requires the addition of a large amount of modifiers, which easily leads to secondary pollution to the environment, and the existing biochar materials are susceptible to interference from halogen ions, oxoanions, and natural organic matters in a persulfate system. The raw material of a catalyst used in the invention is soybean, and has an activation process mainly based on non-radical activation, exhibiting high reaction rate and saving persulfate. With the addition of 0.2 g/L catalyst and 0.5 mM potassium persulfate, the degradation efficiency against 10 mg/L phenol can reach 100% within 10 min.

The present invention relates to novel sulfur-doped carbonaceous porous materials. The present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of these materials and to the use of these materials in applications such as gas adsorption, mercury and gold capture, gas storage and as catalysts or catalyst supports.

The present disclosure provides a synthesis method of a g-C.sub.3N.sub.4/C composite material based on a hollyhock stalk, including the following steps: (1) pretreatment of hollyhock stalks; and (2) fabrication of the g-C.sub.3N.sub.4/C composite material. In this method, with the hollyhock stalk as a carbon skeleton, g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 is spread on a template surface to form a laminated layer, and a composite system with a special structure is constructed. Compared with pure phase g-C.sub.3N.sub.4, the composite material substantially increases specific surface area and has a clear interface; the carbon skeleton not only functions as a rigid support, but also increases the electron transfer efficiency of the composite material, thereby improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and the utilization rate of visible light. Raw materials used in the method are inexpensive and environmentally friendly, which can be used for industrial production and bulk production of eco-friendly materials for harnessing environmental organic pollutants.

The present invention provides a method of preparing a supported catalyst, preferably a hydrocracking catalyst, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) providing a zeolite Y having a bulk silica to alumina ratio (SAR) of at least 10; b) mixing the zeolite Y provided in step a) with a base, water and a surfactant, thereby obtaining a slurry of the zeolite Y; c) reducing the water content of the slurry obtained in step b) thereby obtaining solids with reduced water content, wherein the reducing of the water content in step c) involves the addition of a binder; d) shaping the solids with reduced water content obtained in step c) thereby obtaining a shaped catalyst carrier; e) calcining the shaped catalyst carrier obtained in step d) at a temperature above 300° C. in the presence of the surfactant of step b), thereby obtaining a calcined catalyst carrier; f) impregnating the catalyst carrier calcined in step e) with a hydrogenation component thereby obtaining a supported catalyst; wherein no heat treatment at a temperature of above 500° C. takes place between the mixing of step b) and the shaping of step d).

Described are processes for making graphene pellet (GP) with a three-dimensional structure. The process includes forming a nickel pellet from nickel powder to function as a catalyst for graphene growth, exposing the nickel pellet to a hydrocarbon under conditions sufficient to grow graphene, and etching nickel from graphene with an acid resulting in a graphene pellet. Also described is a process for making a graphene paper from the graphene pellet comprising applying a compression force to the graphene pellet sufficient to compress the pellet. Also described is a method for forming a graphene pellet composite useful as an electrode.

A catalyst carrier, an electrode catalyst, an electrode including the catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly including the electrode, and a fuel cell including the membrane electrode assembly. The catalyst carrier includes a carbon material having a chain structure including a chain of carbon particles and an alumina-carbon composite particle in which a carbon particle encloses an alumina particle, the alumina-carbon composite particle is contained in the carbon material, and the catalyst carrier has a BET specific surface area of 450 to 1100 m.sup.2/g.

A method of making solid acid catalysts includes the step of sulfonating waste tire pieces in a first sulfonation step. The sulfonated waste tire pieces are pyrolyzed to produce carbon composite pieces having a pore size less than 10 nm. The carbon composite pieces are then ground to produce carbon composite powders having a size less than 50 μm. The carbon composite particles are sulfonated in a second sulfonation step to produce sulfonated solid acid catalysts. A method of making biofuels and solid acid catalysts are also disclosed.