A method for circulating a cooled regenerated catalyst comprises the following steps: a regenerated catalyst derived from a regenerator is cooled to 200-720° C. by a catalyst cooler, which either directly enters into a riser reactor without mixing with hot regenerated catalyst, or enters the same after mixing with another portion of uncooled hot regenerated catalyst and thereby obtaining a hybrid regenerated catalyst with its temperature lower than that of the regenerator; a contact reaction between a hydrocarbon raw materials and the catalyst is performed in the riser reactor; the reaction product is introduced into a settling vessel to separate the catalyst and oil gas; the separated catalyst ready for regeneration is stream-stripped in a stream stripping phase and enters the regenerator for regeneration through charring; after cooling, the regenerated catalyst returns to the riser reactor for recycling.

A method for circulating a cooled regenerated catalyst comprises the following steps: a regenerated catalyst derived from a regenerator is cooled to 200-720° C. by a catalyst cooler, which either directly enters into a riser reactor without mixing with hot regenerated catalyst, or enters the same after mixing with another portion of uncooled hot regenerated catalyst and thereby obtaining a hybrid regenerated catalyst with its temperature lower than that of the regenerator; a contact reaction between a hydrocarbon raw materials and the catalyst is performed in the riser reactor; the reaction product is introduced into a settling vessel to separate the catalyst and oil gas; the separated catalyst ready for regeneration is stream-stripped in a stream stripping phase and enters the regenerator for regeneration through charring; after cooling, the regenerated catalyst returns to the riser reactor for recycling.

A fluidized catalytic reactor system cycles from 0.05-5% of catalyst at a time through a rejuvenation unit to be heated in the presence of oxygen to maintain catalyst activity. The use of the rejuvenation unit that may be 2% of the size of the main catalyst regeneration unit allows for reduction in equipment size and in catalyst inventory. The catalyst that is sent to the rejuvenation unit may be spent catalyst but may be partially or fully regenerated catalyst. The rejuvenation unit may be heated by combusting fuel or by hot flue gas.

Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon. The process can include contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feed with fluidized catalyst particles that can include a Group 8-10 element or a compound thereof disposed on a support to effect one or more of dehydrogenation, dehydroaromatization, and dehydrocyclization of at least a portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed to produce coked catalyst particles and an effluent. The process can also include contacting at least a portion of the coked catalyst particles with an oxidant to effect combustion of at least a portion of the coke to produce regenerated catalyst particles. The process can also include contacting at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst particles with a reducing gas to produce regenerated and reduced catalyst particles. The process can also include contacting an additional quantity of the hydrocarbon-containing feed with fluidized regenerated and reduced catalyst particles to produce additional effluent and re-coked catalyst particles.

The present disclosure refers to systems and methods for producing hydrogen among other products. In some embodiments the methods comprise sequentially conducting a cracking step in a fixed bed mode and conducting a flowing step in a fluidized bed mode. Such sequential processes may result in a number of advantages including, for example, regenerating the catalyst during the fluidized bed mode in a manner such that beneficial heat is generated for use in the endothermic cracking step.

A composition of fuel gas that when mixed with spent catalyst and oxygen has an induction time that allows bubbles to break up while combusting in the regenerator. Bubble breakage in a dense bed avoids generation of a flame that can generate hot spots in the regenerator which can damage equipment and catalyst. The fuel gas can be obtained from paraffin dehydrogenation products, so it can sustain operation of the unit even in remote locations. Heavier streams can be mixed with lighter streams to obtain a fuel gas composition with a desirable induction time to avoid such hot spots. Mixing of a depropanizer bottom stream and/or deethanizer overhead stream with lighter gas streams such as cold box light gas or PSA tail gas can provide the desired fuel gas composition.

Disclosed is a method for partially regenerating a catalyst for methanol and/or dimethyl ether-to-olefin. The method comprises: introducing a mixed gas into a regenerated region containing a catalyst to be regenerated, and subjecting same to a partial regeneration reaction to obtain a regenerated catalyst, wherein the mixed gas contains water vapor and air; and in the regenerated catalyst, the coke content of at least part of the regenerated catalyst is greater than 1%. The method utilizes the coupling of a mixed gas of water vapor and air to activate a deactivated catalyst, selectively eliminate part of a coke deposit in the catalyst to be regenerated, and obtain a partially regenerated catalyst for methanol-to-olefin. Another aspect of the present invention is that further provided is a method for methanol and/or dimethyl ether-to-olefin by using the partially regenerated catalyst for methanol-to-olefin regenerated by means of the method.

An operating condition estimation system includes: a learning apparatus that learns a condition estimator for estimating an operating condition of a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus from information that can be acquired while the fluid catalytic cracking apparatus is being operated, the fluid catalytic cracking apparatus including a reaction apparatus in which a catalyst is used and a regeneration apparatus for regenerating the catalyst; and an operating condition estimation apparatus that estimates the operating condition of the fluid catalytic cracking apparatus by using the condition estimator learned by the learning apparatus.

An operating condition estimation system includes: a learning apparatus that learns a condition estimator for estimating an operating condition of a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus from information that can be acquired while the fluid catalytic cracking apparatus is being operated, the fluid catalytic cracking apparatus including a reaction apparatus in which a catalyst is used and a regeneration apparatus for regenerating the catalyst; and an operating condition estimation apparatus that estimates the operating condition of the fluid catalytic cracking apparatus by using the condition estimator learned by the learning apparatus.

Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon. The process can include contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feed with fluidized catalyst particles that can include a Group 8-10 element or a compound thereof disposed on a support to effect one or more of dehydrogenation, dehydroaromatization, and dehydrocyclization of at least a portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed to produce coked catalyst particles and an effluent. The process can also include contacting at least a portion of the coked catalyst particles with an oxidant to effect combustion of at least a portion of the coke to produce regenerated catalyst particles. The process can also include contacting at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst particles with a reducing gas to produce regenerated and reduced catalyst particles. The process can also include contacting an additional quantity of the hydrocarbon-containing feed with fluidized regenerated and reduced catalyst particles to produce additional effluent and re-coked catalyst particles.