A system includes a reactor configured for catalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen and byproduct solids via contact of water and aluminum in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal, a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, or a combination thereof, wherein the reactor comprises one or more inlets whereby water, aluminum, the catalyst, or a combination thereof are introduced to a reaction chamber of the reactor, an outlet for hydrogen, and an outlet for a slurry comprising water, catalyst, and solids comprising aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, or a combination thereof, a solid/liquid separation apparatus configured to separate the solids from the slurry to provide a solids-reduced slurry, and oilfield equipment. The oilfield equipment is operable via the hydrogen as fuel and/or via electricity produced from the hydrogen.

The present invention relates to photocatalytic materials for use in the conversion of CO.sub.2 to non-CO.sub.2 carbon containing products. The photocatalytic materials comprise a metal nanofiber and a carbon-based nanostructure bound to the surface of the metal nanofiber. Methods for preparing such materials are described, as well as their use in the conversion of CO.sub.2 to non-CO.sub.2 carbon containing products. For example, the photocatalytic materials of the invention may be used to convert CO.sub.2 to methanol and/or ethanol with high conversion rates.

A process for polymerizing polyethylene is disclosed. The process comprises contacting ethylene and at least one comonomer with a catalyst system to produce a polyolefin. The first catalyst and at least a portion of the second catalyst are co-supported to form a commonly-supported catalyst system. The catalyst system is introduced to a line as a dry-feed. The line is coupled with a polymerization reactor. A carrier fluid is added to the line to form a slurry. The slurry is introduced to the polymerization reactor.

Disclosed herein is a catalyst dumping spool assembly for unloading used catalyst from an inside of a reactor, comprising: a reactor, and a catalyst dumping spool comprising a first end operatively connected to the reactor, the first end having a catalyst inlet through which the used catalyst is introduced into, a second end having a catalyst discharge outlet whereby the used catalyst exits the catalyst dumping spool, wherein a first device for controlling used catalyst transfer into the catalyst inlet is positioned proximate the first end, and a second device for controlling the used catalyst transfer from inside the catalyst inlet through the catalyst discharge outlet is positioned proximate the second end, and further wherein the catalyst dumping spool further comprise a gas fluidization inlet and a water fluidization inlet located between the first and second devices.

The present invention is directed to a process for feeding a polymerisation catalyst into a polymerisation reactor (7), comprising the steps of: (i) maintaining a catalyst slurry comprising a diluent and a solid catalyst component in a catalyst feed vessel (4); (ii) continuously withdrawing a stream of the catalyst slurry from the catalyst feed vessel (4); and (iii) introducing the withdrawn portion of the catalyst slurry into the polymerisation reactor (7), wherein the catalyst slurry is transferred by using a valveless piston pump (5) from the catalyst feed vessel (4) into the polymerisation reactor (7); the diluent has a dynamic viscosity of from 0.01 to 20 mPas at the conditions within the catalyst feed vessel (4), and wherein the catalyst slurry is transferred along a substantially vertical path downwards from the catalyst feed vessel (4) to the reactor (7).

A method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) including: acid hydrolysis of a pulp mixture in at least one reactor to obtain a hydrolyzed process mixture, and mixing the hydrolyzed process mixture to form the MCC in the at least one reactor during the acid hydrolysis, wherein the mixing is performed with an energy dissipation around 1.0?10.sup.6 W/m.sup.3 to 15.0?10.sup.6 W/m.sup.3 and wherein a period of the mixing is in a range of 5 s to 180 s, and the MCC has an a to d ratio less than 6.0.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing trichlorosilane from tetrachlorosilane in an efficient manner. The apparatus includes an inlet through which reaction raw materials including a metal silicon powder dispersed in liquid tetrachlorosilane enter, a hole through which a gaseous reaction raw material is fed, an outlet through which reaction products including trichlorosilane exit, a tubular reactor in which the reaction raw materials entering through the inlet react with each other during flow, and means for impeding the flow of the fluids to cause collision of the fluids during flow.

A method for charging a catalyst into a reactor (40) comprising a separation loop (21), comprising the following steps: a) filling the reactor (40) with a solvent S1; b) filling the separation loop (21) with said solvent S1; c) causing said solvent S1 to move in the synthesis reactor (40) and the separation loop (21); d) heating the reactor (40) to a temperature of 100 C. or less; e) injecting an inert gas into the bottom of the reactor (40); f) mixing said catalyst with a solvent S2 in a vessel (30) in order to obtain a liquid/solid mixture; g) increasing the pressure in the vessel (30) then sending the liquid/solid mixture to the reactor (40); h) withdrawing said solvent S1 and/or S2.

Disclosed herein is a catalyst dumping spool assembly for unloading used catalyst from an inside of a reactor, comprising: a reactor, and a catalyst dumping spool comprising a first end operatively connected to the reactor, the first end having a catalyst inlet through which the used catalyst is introduced into, a second end having a catalyst discharge outlet whereby the used catalyst exits the catalyst dumping spool, wherein a first device for controlling used catalyst transfer into the catalyst inlet is positioned proximate the first end, and a second device for controlling the used catalyst transfer from inside the catalyst inlet through the catalyst discharge outlet is positioned proximate the second end, and further wherein the catalyst dumping spool further comprise a gas fluidization inlet and a water fluidization inlet located between the first and second devices.

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream.