The present disclosure relates to the aromatization of hydrocarbons with an aromatization catalyst, including methods of aromatization comprising the use of a continuous catalyst regeneration type reformer.

The present disclosure discusses a device and method for improving the reaction rate of enzymatic modification of biopolymers. A thermophoretic device is used to increase the rate of enzymatic reactions with biopolymers by creating a temperature gradient using a heating element and a cooling element. The use of a temperature gradient within a cavity in the thermophoretic device concentrates the reacts along an interior surface of the device, increasing the reaction rate.

The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing lactide, comprising the steps of: adding thermal energy to at least one solvent; providing one or more components to at least one reactor, the one or more components comprising lactic acid and the at least one solvent; converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water; and recovering at least part of the lactide;
wherein the step of adding thermal energy to the at least one solvent is performed prior to the step of adding the at least one solvent to the at least one reactor;
wherein the at least one solvent is provided in the at least one reactor independently from the lactic acid by a separate entry into the at least one reactor; and,
wherein the step of converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water is performed in one step.

The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing lactide comprising the steps of: providing one or more components to at least one reactor, the one or more components comprising lactic acid; converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water and into lactic acid oligomers; recovering at least part of the lactide; recovering at least part of the water and at least part of the lactic acid oligomers; adding a feed, optionally comprising lactic acid oligomers, and optionally comprising water, to the recovered water and the recovered lactic acid oligomers, and mixing the feed with the recovered water and the recovered lactic acid oligomers to form a mixture; converting at least part of the lactic acid oligomers in the mixture into lactic acid and into lactic acid dimer; and removing at least part of the water from the mixture;
whereby at least part of the remainder of the mixture is provided as one of the one or more components that are provided to the at least one reactor; and, wherein the step of converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water is performed in one step.

A process for separating components of a reactor off gas is provided. A related reactor system is also provided. The reactor system may include a high pressure tubular reactor and/or an autoclave reactor and may be used for the production polyolefin polymers.

The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing lactide, comprising the steps of: adding thermal energy to at least one of one or more components; providing the one or more components to at least one reactor, the one or more components comprising lactic acid and at least one solvent; converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water; recovering at least part of the lactide; recovering at least part of the at least one solvent; recovering at least part of the thermal energy, wherein at least part of the recovered thermal energy is recovered from the recovered solvent; and adding the recovered thermal energy to at least one of the one or more components.

The present invention provides for a system comprising a static reactor vessel which requires no moving parts, and adapted for precise control of reaction processing parameters including temperature, pressure, and flow rate; a mechanism for settling of the product phase from the salt ammonia phase and removing a significant portion of the ammonium chloride waste material; a method for recovering essentially all of the process ammonia and a method for maintaining a reaction environment which is suitably ionic/acidic.

A process for separating components of a reactor off gas is provided. A related reactor system is also provided. The reactor system may include a high pressure tubular reactor and/or an autoclave reactor and may be used for the production polyolefin polymers.

The present invention refers to the use of hydrofoil impellers for the preparation of polymer polyols and to a method for preparing a polymer polyol, which comprises reacting a base polyol, at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a macromer or a preformed stabilizer in the presence of a free-radical initiator and optionally a chain transfer agent in a reactor, wherein said reactor is stirred by means of a stirring system comprising a shaft rotatable about its longitudinal axis, and a plurality of radially extending hydrofoil impellers mounted on the shaft and respectively axially spaced apart and wherein the reactor does not contain baffles.

The present invention refers to the use of hydrofoil impellers for the preparation of polymer polyols and to a method for preparing a polymer polyol, which comprises reacting a base polyol, at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a macromer or a preformed stabilizer in the presence of a free-radical initiator and optionally a chain transfer agent in a reactor, wherein said reactor is stirred by means of a stirring system comprising a shaft rotatable about its longitudinal axis, and a plurality of radially extending hydrofoil impellers mounted on the shaft and respectively axially spaced apart and wherein the reactor does not contain baffles.