Vapor delivery apparatus configured for generating a gaseous precursor from solid source precursor particles in a fluidized bed are disclosed. In addition, vapor phase reactors including a vapor delivery apparatus including a fluidized bed of solid precursor are also disclosed. Methods for monitoring and a controlling a vapor delivery system including a fluidized bed also disclosed.

A method of determining multimodal polyethylene quality comprising the steps of (a) providing a multimodal polyethylene resin sample; (b) determining, in any sequence, the following: that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a melt index within 30% of a target melt index; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a density within 2.5% of a target density; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a dynamic viscosity deviation (% MVD) from a target dynamic viscosity of less than about 100%; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w) deviation (% M.sub.wD) from a target M.sub.w of less than about 20%; and that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) curve profile deviation (% GPCD) from a target GPC curve profile of less than about 15%; and (c) responsive to step (b), designating the multimodal polyethylene resin sample as a high quality resin.

A system and method combine a first reactant with a second reactant to create a reaction product. A first pump is in fluid communication with a reaction vessel and a source of the first reactant. A second pump is in fluid communication with the reaction vessel and a source of the second reactant. A gas sparger is located in the reaction vessel, and the gas sparger is in fluid communication with a gas source for providing gas to the reaction vessel. A controller is configured to execute a program stored in the controller to: (i) receive a sensor signal based on a force exerted by the reaction vessel in a direction toward the sensor, and (ii) operate the first pump and the second pump to deliver to the reaction vessel the first reactant and the second reactant thereby causing a reaction that creates the reaction product.

A monitoring system that monitors a reactor for producing a reaction product includes a first controller that controls the reactor, an analyzer that analyzes the reaction product, a second controller that controls the analyzer, and an information transmission device that transmits information between the first controller and the second controller, wherein the information transmission device includes an information receiver that receives information from one controller of the first and second controllers, a converter that converts information received from the information receiver into a format processable by another controller of the first and second controllers, and an information sender that sends information converted by the converter to the other controller.

The invention relates to a neutralization plant (100) comprising at least one reaction chamber (102) having a first feed (114) for an acid-containing product and at least one further feed (116) for a base-containing product, wherein at least one of the feeds (114, 116) comprises at least one valve means (118, 120) for controlling the inflow amount into the reaction chamber (102), wherein the ion controller apparatus (104, 204, 205) comprises at least one evaluation device (106, 206) set up for determining at least one actual ion concentration based on an actual pH of the mixture (122) present in the reaction chamber (102) and wherein the ion controller apparatus (104, 204) comprises at least one ion controller device (108, 208) comprising at least one ion controller (110, 210.1, 210.2, 211) set up for controlling the valve means (118, 120) according to the actual ion concentration and a target ion concentration.

The invention relates to a neutralization plant (100) comprising at least one reaction chamber (102) having a first feed (114) for an acid-containing product and at least one further feed (116) for a base-containing product, wherein at least one of the feeds (114, 116) comprises at least one valve means (118, 120) for controlling the inflow amount into the reaction chamber (102), wherein the ion controller apparatus (104, 204, 205) comprises at least one evaluation device (106, 206) set up for determining at least one actual ion concentration based on an actual pH of the mixture (122) present in the reaction chamber (102) and wherein the ion controller apparatus (104, 204) comprises at least one ion controller device (108, 208) comprising at least one ion controller (110, 210.1, 210.2, 211) set up for controlling the valve means (118, 120) according to the actual ion concentration and a target ion concentration.

A system and method combine a first reactant with a second reactant to create a reaction product. A first pump is in fluid communication with a reaction vessel and a source of the first reactant. A second pump is in fluid communication with the reaction vessel and a source of the second reactant. A gas sparger is located in the reaction vessel, and the gas sparger is in fluid communication with a gas source for providing gas to the reaction vessel. A controller is configured to execute a program stored in the controller to: (i) receive a sensor signal based on a force exerted by the reaction vessel in a direction toward the sensor, and (ii) operate the first pump and the second pump to deliver to the reaction vessel the first reactant and the second reactant thereby causing a reaction that creates the reaction product.

Systems and methods for detecting coking in a wash bed of a vacuum pipe still with a sensing cable including an optical fiber sensor array aligned with a heating element disposed in the vessel. An optical signal interrogator is configured to measure a first temperature profile at a plurality of sensor locations to determine a flow distribution. An excitation source is configured to propagate at least one heat pulse through the heating element and the optical signal interrogator is configured to measure a second temperature profile corresponding to the heat pulse at the sensor locations. A control unit is configured to detect coking by determining one or more properties of the media exposed to the sensing cable at each of the plurality of sensor locations based on the second temperature profile corresponding thereto.

The present invention is related to the treatment of plastic material to be destined for chemical recycling processes for the valorisation of substantially plastic material otherwise destined for disposal.

In particular, the invention concerns a process for the pyrolysis of substantially plastic material to obtain at least liquid hydrocarbons at 25 C. comprising the following steps: a) feeding to a pyrolysis reactor a substantially plastic material at least partially in the molten state; b) subjecting said substantially plastic material fed to a pyrolysis reactor to at least an analytical measurement Ax with in-line mode; c) determining the value of at least one Px property of said substantially plastic material by means of said at least one analytical measure Ax; d) installing at least one Ox parameter of the pyrolysis process based on the value of this at least one Px property;
characterised by the fact that at least one analytical measurement Ax provides or consists of the measurement of the spectrum in reflection of the light of the substantially plastic material.

A method is described that includes contacting an olefin with a catalyst in a polymerization reactor, polymerizing at least a portion of the olefin to form an alpha olefin reaction product, detecting a condition within the polymerization reactor, determining an average temperature of at least one olefin product particle based on the condition, determining an operating particle temperature threshold using a foul curve, comparing the average temperature of the polymer particle to the operating particle temperature threshold, changing one or more operating parameters in response to the comparing, and maintaining the average temperature of the olefin polymer particle at or below the operating particle temperature threshold in response to changing the one or more operating parameters. The alpha olefin reaction product includes a plurality of olefin polymer particles, and the polymerization reactor includes a reaction mixture that includes the olefin, the catalyst, a diluent, and the alpha olefin reaction product.